With the development of society, hypertension and heart disease have become one of the most important diseases that endanger human health, and more and more people are suffering from heart disease. If you have patients with high blood pressure and heart disease at home, you need to have basic first aid knowledge and prepare some necessary items so that once the patient has a problem, you can get the vital signs first, so that you can judge the condition and buy time for treatment. The items that need to be prepared are probably the following: 1. Electronic blood pressure monitor: It is recommended that each family prepare a regular manufacturer’s electronic blood pressure monitor. In accordance with the 2019 Chinese Family Blood Pressure Monitoring Guide recommendations: encourage the use of upper-arm automatic electronic sphygmomanometer, but require this sphygmomanometer after accuracy verification. Most electronic sphygmomanometers from regular manufacturers currently meet the conditions. Wrist sphygmomanometers should be used with caution. Finger, mercury and barometer type sphygmomanometers are not recommended. On the one hand blood pressure monitors are used daily to effectively monitor the blood pressure of heart patients and to facilitate guidance on medication. For home blood pressure monitoring, blood pressure should be measured daily in the morning and evening, and each measurement should be taken 2-3 times with a 1-minute interval after a 5-minute rest in a seated position. Usually, morning blood pressure measurement should be taken within one hour after waking up, before taking antihypertensive drugs, before breakfast, and before strenuous activities. Considering that our residents have an early dinner time, it is recommended that evening blood pressure measurements be taken after dinner and before going to bed. Whether in the morning, or in the evening, attention should be paid to emptying the bladder before measuring blood pressure. With the advancement of technology, electronic blood pressure monitors can display heart rate at the same time, and some monitors can even diagnose arrhythmias. If a patient has a sudden onset of chest discomfort, dizziness, etc., we can use the sphygmomanometer to obtain his current blood pressure and heart rate (rhythm). If the patient’s symptoms are severe and his heart rate is below 50 beats per minute or above 120 beats per minute, it may be necessary to call an emergency vehicle. If the heart rhythm is usually flush, and the heart rate suddenly appears to increase and is not flush, there may be atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmia diseases, and it is necessary to improve the electrocardiogram on the examination as soon as possible. 2, blood glucose meter: At present, heart disease and diabetes is a pair of “brother disease”, more and more patients combined with the two diseases, and a large proportion of patients although blood sugar has problems, but he does not know. Because hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia have corresponding symptoms, especially the symptoms of hypoglycemia are sometimes similar to the symptoms of heart disease, so if the judgment is not accurate, there may be great risks. At present, most of the regular manufacturers’ blood glucose meters can meet the demand. It should be noted that the blood glucose meters should be stored reasonably, avoiding bumping and sunlight exposure. Blood glucose test strips are stored in light-proof and at room temperature. If the test paper has not been used for too long and exceeds the expiration date, replace it in time. Another thing to note is that when measuring blood glucose, pay attention to aseptic operation, that is, use alcohol or iodophor to fully disinfect the fingertips to avoid complications caused by bacteria into the blood. 3, thermometer: patients with heart disease, physical quality deviation, more likely to be combined with the occurrence of infection, especially respiratory tract infections. And the incidence of infection is even higher in patients with diabetes. Elderly patients with heart disease, especially the elderly, are not sensitive to the feeling of temperature changes, and sometimes the body temperature has increased significantly, but he did not feel it himself. Some patients also have heart failure attacks, wet and cold skin, may have a drop in body temperature, these require the necessary items at home to have a thermometer. 4, flashlight: sometimes the patient’s condition suddenly within the night, the symptoms are critical, it is difficult to get out of bed and turn on the light, this time requires a flashlight around the patient. This flashlight must be in the place where the patient can get it, generally placed on the side of the pillow. Some family bedroom light switches are far from the bed, and many elderly people may be at risk of postural hypotension or other diseases when they get up during the night, so it is also recommended to have a flashlight by their side. But be sure to look at the battery level regularly and keep it charged. 5, disinfection items: iodophor or alcohol, you can also use qualified disinfectant wipes. The elderly are slow to react, uncoordinated movements, prone to skin abrasions or other skin injuries, it is time to standardize disinfection to avoid skin infections. This is even more important for elderly people with combined diabetes. But be sure to look at the expiration date of the disinfectant. Because once the iodophor or alcohol is opened, they will evaporate the effective substance, so after opening the iodophor or alcohol, the storage period should not exceed one month, and should be replaced regularly. 6, first aid medicine box: this medicine box should be in the location where the elderly can get it at any time, and the drugs inside should be clearly arranged in an orderly manner to avoid the elderly from getting the wrong one. In addition, the name of each drug should be written clearly in a relatively large font, and the drugs that cannot be placed in categories should be placed at a certain distance. Children need to check the expiration date of drugs every month, especially short-acting drugs such as nitroglycerin, to avoid expired drugs are still placed in the medicine box, affecting the effectiveness of treatment. 7, oxygen machine: for patients with severe heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, branch expansion, etc., the role of oxygen machine is also relatively large. To follow the doctor’s instructions for a reasonable time, the prescribed oxygen flow of oxygen therapy. However, you should also be careful to clean and disinfect the machine regularly to avoid causing infections. Also do not inhale pure oxygen for long periods of time, which can cause great health risks and even trigger oxygen toxicity, suppressing breathing and heartbeat.