Severe aortic stenosis is a common valve disease in the elderly and is on the rise each year. Patients can remain asymptomatic for a long time, and once symptoms appear, the prognosis is very poor. In particular, stenosis caused by valve calcification is more common and more dangerous. Surgical valve replacement has long been the primary treatment for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. However, a large number of patients are still deprived of surgical procedures because of overly severe valve disease, advanced age, and multiple comorbidities, including reduced left ventricular function, pulmonary hypertension, renal insufficiency, and systemic atherosclerosis. The advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in this transcatheter context ushered in a new era in the treatment of valvular disease. The technology was first applied to humans in 2004 and received European CE approval in 2007. Currently, it is being performed in 200 cardiac centers in 27 countries worldwide, and more than 50,000 interventions for aortic valve replacement have been performed. The results show that transcatheter aortic valve placement is feasible, and because most of the patients undergoing TAVI are high-risk patients, patient selection and preoperative preparation are also more demanding. There are no guidelines for patient selection that specify indications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement, but the European Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery, the European Cardiovascular Society, and the European Society for Cardiovascular Interventions have reached a consensus that transcatheter aortic valve replacement is recommended primarily for patients who are at higher risk and are not candidates for surgical procedures. Current clinical studies have also selected patients aged 70 years or older, with valve areas ≤0. 6 cm2/m-2, NYHA class ≥2, multiple high-risk diseases, EuroScore (European Cardiac Surgical Risk Assessment System) risk of death >20%, or contraindications to conventional valve replacement. For preoperative preparation, multidisciplinary collaboration among cardiac surgery, geriatrics, imaging, and anesthesiology plays an important role in preoperative patient screening. The specific steps and methods of preoperative screening involve assessment of the degree of aortic stenosis, assessment of clinical presentation, assessment of surgical risk, assessment of feasibility of TAVI therapy, screening out contraindications to TAVI / CoreValve therapy, and high-risk patients. Therefore, in addition to routine liver and kidney function, coagulation and other indexes, more important preoperative examinations are echocardiography; coronary artery, left ventricular and macroangiography; CTA, etc. to evaluate the feasibility of the surgical route and the size of the valve stent. With the advancement of science and technology and the accumulation of experience in interventional cardiology, research on TAVI is in full swing, and the improvement of materials, instruments and surgical operation methods for aortic valve replacement is the focus of current research and has made key breakthroughs. The technology of TAVI is becoming more and more mature, the complication rate is decreasing, and it has shown good feasibility and certain efficacy. We also have reason to believe that transcatheter aortic valve replacement will be more widely used in clinical practice and more patients with aortic stenosis will benefit.