Vertebral artery insufficiency is a subtype of transient ischemic attack, also known as vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency because the vertebral artery coincides with the basilar artery. Insufficient blood supply to the vertebrobasilar artery is associated with a variety of factors and pathways such as atherosclerosis, arterial stenosis, heart disease, blood composition changes and hemodynamic changes, which can make brain tissue ischemic due to changes such as cerebral vascular stenosis, microembolus formation and blood hypercoagulability, characterized by limited and transient neurological deficits in the corresponding blood supply area. The clinical symptoms of this disease are complex and varied, including vertigo, ataxia, dysphagia, impaired consciousness, limb hemiparesis, etc., with or without tinnitus. The characteristic manifestations are: 1. Fall attack: when turning the head or tilting the head, the lower limbs suddenly lose tension and fall, without loss of consciousness, and can quickly stand up by themselves. It is caused by ischemia of the lower brainstem reticular formation. 2. Transient general amnesia: Short-term memory loss during the attack, which is self-conscious and lasts for several minutes to tens of minutes, and disorientation of time and place during the attack, but the ability to talk, calculate and write is maintained. It is caused by ischemia of the temporal branch of the posterior cerebral artery.3. Bilateral visual impairment episodes: there may be diplopia, hemianopia or double vision. This disease has more treatment options and requires etiologic treatment. Minor lesions can be mostly controlled by prophylactic medication, while severe cases require surgical treatment such as vascular intervention and endarterectomy. The prognosis of vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency is generally good with no residual symptoms after treatment.