Dr. Fan suggests: people talk about cancer, and it is true. At present, domestic rumors about cancer and cancer prevention are flying all over the world, and various drugs, health care products and secret recipes claim to prevent and fight cancer, but basically they are all things that play on traditional medicine to deceive people, and this guideline recommendation can be more objective to elaborate and answer the questions that patients and family members are wondering, and I hope that people will look at the problem in a scientific attitude. Don’t believe in rumors that harm people and themselves. The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a report every five years on the relationship between diet, nutrition and physical activity and cancer prevention, as a guide to the general public for scientific knowledge, communication among health agencies and community groups, and the development of relevant policy guidelines. Breast cancer: The most common tumor among women in the United States and the second leading cause of death among women, second only to lung cancer. Postmenopausal women who are overweight have a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer. This is associated with excess fat leading to high levels of estrogen in the blood. Excessive alcohol consumption and inadequate intake of folic acid also increase the risk of breast cancer. Physical activity can reduce this risk. 2, colon and rectal cancer: in the United States due to the total number of cancer deaths in the second place. Obesity is directly related to it, and it is especially significant in men. Large intake of vegetables and fruits and coarse fiber cereals, reduce the intake of red meat and processed meat, appropriate intake of vitamin D and calcium, while strengthening daily physical exercise can reduce the risk of its occurrence. In addition, regular screening, timely detection and removal of intestinal adenomas (precancerous lesions) are also crucial. 3. Lung cancer: the number one cause of death due to cancer in the United States. More than 85% of the cases are related to tobacco. Quitting smoking and consuming large amounts of vegetables and fruits can help reduce its occurrence. But be careful: excessive consumption of health food containing carotene and vitamin A will increase the risk factor of lung cancer in smokers. 4.Endometrial cancer: the 4th highest cancer incidence among women in the United States. Endometrial cancer is related to estrogen levels. The possibility of its occurrence can be reduced by exercising a lot, increasing the intake of vegetables, fruits, coarse fiber foods and legumes, and maintaining a healthy weight. 5.Kidney cancer: accounts for 3% of cancer incidence and death in men and 2% in women. Directly related factors are obesity and smoking. Therefore, it is especially important to quit smoking and maintain a healthy weight. 6. Pancreatic cancer: the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Smoking, type 2 diabetes, excessive consumption of red meat and lack of physical activity are highly related to it. 7.Cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts: Alcohol abuse and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of oral cancer, throat cancer and esophageal cancer. Burning of the esophagus due to overheated diet can lead to chronic inflammation of the esophagus and eventually deteriorate into esophageal cancer. Changing bad eating habits, quitting smoking and alcohol, reducing weight and eating more fresh vegetables and fruits can help to reduce the risk of occurrence. 8.Prostate cancer: the most common cancer among American men. Eating more tomatoes, cauliflower, beans and fish can help reduce the risk of its occurrence. The protective effects of vitamin E and selenium and the corresponding complementary health food are not yet conclusive. Excessive calcium intake is associated with highly malignant prostate cancer, so excessive calcium intake or calcium supplementation is not recommended. In addition, statistics found that overweight and obese prostate cancer patients have poor treatment effect. 9.Stomach cancer: It is the 4th most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer in the world. The occurrence of gastric cancer is mainly due to excessive intake of pickled food and gastric Helicobacter pylori infection resulting in chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer. 10.Bladder cancer: related to smoking and certain chemical substances. Data show that consuming a lot of vegetables and fruits and drinking a lot of water can help reduce the risk of its occurrence. Meanwhile, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors such as brain tumors, lymphoma and leukemia have not been found to have significant correlation with nutrition, diet and weight. The relationship between food, supplementary nutrients and cancer. 1.Does alcohol increase the risk of cancer? The answer is yes. Alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of oral cancer, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer, especially if it acts simultaneously with tobacco. If women do not consume enough folic acid, the risk of breast cancer is higher. 2.What are the specific effects of various vitamin supplements on fighting cancer? There is no conclusive evidence that they have significant cancer prevention effects. It is still recommended to take these essential substances from natural foods, such as vegetables and fruits, rather than from so-called nutritional products. 3. Do sweeteners cause cancer? There is no evidence that they are associated with the development of cancer. 4. Is genetically modified organisms (GMOs) safe to eat? There is no evidence that they are associated with the occurrence of cancer or the reduction of cancer. 5. What is the relationship between calcium and cancer? Foods with high calcium content can help reduce the occurrence of colon and rectal cancer, but there is also evidence that it is associated with the occurrence of highly aggressive prostate cancer. Therefore, a calcium supplement dose of 1 gram per day is recommended for people aged 19 to 50 years, and 1.2 grams per day for those over 50 years. Calcium intake from green leafy vegetables and low-fat dairy products is recommended. 6.Does coffee cause cancer? There is no evidence that coffee is carcinogenic, and the conclusion that coffee can increase breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was once believed by the public, has not been proven. 7.What is the relationship between fat and cancer? Excessive intake of fat can lead to obesity and increase the risk of cancer, some saturated fats may have negative effects, but there is no conclusive evidence that olive oil and vegetable oil have any special cancer prevention benefits. 8.What are the effects of edible fiber supplements? Both soluble and insoluble fiber have the effect of lowering blood lipids, but the effect of cancer prevention is weak. 9.Do fish products prevent cancer? Fish products are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to have cancer prevention and growth inhibition effects in animal experiments, but whether they have similar effects in humans has not been determined. Fish can help prevent cardiovascular disease, but because some fish remain deep underwater and contain relatively high levels of heavy metals and other environmental contaminants, pregnant women, nursing mothers and infants should reduce their consumption of these fish. 10.Can fluoride cause cancer? The answer is no. A lot of strict experiments have been conducted on fluoride toothpaste, dental caries treatment drugs and fluoridated water, and the results do not show any cancer risk. 11.Can folic acid prevent cancer? Folic acid is a vitamin B substance found in many vegetables, legumes, fruits and grains. Its deficiency can lead to an increased incidence of colon and rectal cancer and breast cancer, especially for alcoholics. Folic acid supplementation is recommended from natural foods. 12.Do preservative food additives cause cancer? These substances currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in the food industry are not carcinogenic. 13.Does garlic prevent cancer? No conclusive evidence. 14.Does food irradiated by radiation cause cancer? No. The purpose of radiation exposure is to kill harmful microorganisms in food. 15.Do processed and preserved foods cause cancer? Excessive consumption of processed and preserved foods leads to an increased incidence of stomach cancer and colon and rectal cancer. These foods contain many cancer-causing chemicals, especially high-temperature fried and pan-fried meats, which should be consumed sparingly. 16.Can olive oil prevent cancer? Olive oil is a healthy alternative to cream and can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. There is no significant correlation with cancer. 17.What is the relationship between organic food and cancer? Organic food refers to plant-based food free of pesticides and artificial genetic alterations, and has no significant correlation with cancer. 18.Do pesticides and herbicides cause cancer? Although these substances have certain toxicity, the results of numerous studies have not proved that they have increased the risk of cancer. 19.Does saccharin cause cancer? The answer is no. Animal studies do show that high doses of saccharin can cause bladder stone formation in rats, which can lead to bladder cancer, but it does not cause similar lesions in humans. The National Institute of Toxicology has removed it from the list of human carcinogenic chemicals. 20.Does a diet high in salt cause cancer? In some countries and regions where salt-cured foods are customarily consumed in large quantities, the incidence of stomach, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers is higher, but there is no risk of cancer from the moderate use of salt in the daily diet. 21.Can selenium reduce the occurrence of cancer? Selenium is a mineral with antioxidant effect. Animal experiments have shown that it can reduce the incidence of lung cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer. However, there are no rigorous research results yet. It is not recommended to consume large amounts of its additives, and if consumed, do not exceed 200 micrograms per day. 22. Can soy products reduce the incidence of cancer? Soy products are an excellent source of protein and a meat substitute, but there is no definite causal relationship with cancer risk reduction. Since beans contain estrogen-like substances, breast cancer patients should avoid excessive consumption or consume artificially made pills and powders as substitutes. 23.What are the health risks of excessive sugar consumption? Excessive consumption of sugar can lead to obesity and diabetes and indirectly increase the incidence of cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to minimize the consumption of sugar and candy, pastries and beverages that contain very high sugar content. 24.Do multivitamin and mineral supplement pills have the effect of reducing cancer incidence? These substances do not have anti-cancer effects and natural foods are the best source to consume these substances. Even if you take such pills, you should follow your doctor’s advice and not exceed the daily dose. 25.Can tea prevent cancer? Animal experiments have shown that tea (such as green tea) can reduce the occurrence of certain cancers, but there is no research data to confirm this. 26.Is there any difference in nutrition between fresh, frozen and canned vegetables and fruits? Fresh vegetables and fruits are the most nutritious and have the effect of reducing the occurrence of oral, esophageal, stomach, lung and colorectal cancers when consumed in large quantities. The nutrients are best preserved by microwave and steamed cooking methods. A large and varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is recommended. However, there is no conclusion that a vegan diet has a significant effect on reducing the risk of cancer. Vegans should take care to add vitamin B, zinc and iron, which are especially important for children and premenopausal women. 27.Does vitamin A reduce cancer incidence? There is no definite conclusion. In fact, high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers. 28.Does vitamin C reduce the occurrence of cancer? Eating vegetables and fruits containing a lot of vitamin C has cancer prevention effect, but taking vitamin C tablets alone is not effective. 29.Does vitamin D reduce the occurrence of cancer? Epidemiological data show that it has some effect on reducing the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer (no randomized controlled study yet). It is recommended to obtain vitamin D through a balanced diet and to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight. The daily dose of vitamin D should be in the range of 200 to 2000 mg. 30. Does vitamin E reduce the occurrence of cancer? Vitamin E is an effective and powerful antioxidant and has been shown to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in smokers. However, there is no definite research conclusion on other effects. 31. Can water and juice reduce the incidence of cancer? Drinking a lot of water can dilute the concentration of urine and toxic substances in the bladder, thus reducing the incidence of bladder cancer, and there are even data suggesting that it is beneficial in preventing colon cancer. It is recommended to drink at least 8 glasses of water daily. Note: Fruit juices provide a lot of water and nutrients, but they contain very little fiber, so they should not be used as a substitute for eating vegetables and fruits.