I. Advantages of Chinese medicine in treating tumors The essence of Chinese medicine in treating diseases is holistic concept and evidence-based treatment. The emphasis on holistic concept is to focus on the macroscopic regulation of physiological functions of patients; the emphasis on evidence-based treatment is to formulate treatment rules based on the principle of individual differences. The bio-psycho-social medicine model established by modern medicine requires clinicians to pay more attention to the overall response of the whole organism while focusing on the localization of tumors, which coincides with Chinese medicine in some aspects. As a result, the unique advantages of TCM in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors are increasingly recognized by all circles of oncology. The efficacy standard of tumor drug treatment not only includes the recent tumor regression index, but also pays more attention to the prolongation of patient’s survival and improvement of quality of life; and the advantages of Chinese medicine in improving survival and quality of life have been confirmed by many clinical studies. Western medicine uses two different modes of thinking and methods to treat diseases. With the development of modern science and technology, Western medicine pursues the microstructure of the organism to the extreme and obtains a large amount of digital information of images. These objective images and figures enable people to understand and grasp the appearance of life more directly. However, the complexity of the biological organism and the social nature of human beings can hardly be fully covered by simple anatomical structures and chemical formulae; Chinese medicine, with its holistic view and discursive way of thinking, is more in line with the new medical model of bio-psycho-social and the systemic way of thinking of future medicine. At present, medical research is shifting from “disease-” to “person” oriented, and from focusing on local efficacy to overall effect. The contradiction between Chinese and Western medicine in terms of thinking and unity has also led to the difference in clinical efficacy and the inevitable complementarity of their advantages.