The common symptoms of perianorectal abscess are: a small hard lump or mass around the anus, followed by increased pain, redness, swelling, heat, discomfort, restlessness, sleeplessness, constipation, poor urination and other symptoms of rectal irritation. The symptoms of general discomfort, mental fatigue, body temperature, loss of appetite, chills and high fever, and other symptoms of systemic toxicity may occur. Generally, abscesses can be formed in about 1 week, and soft, painful, fluctuating swellings can be felt by finger palpation around the anus into the rectum, and pus can be extracted by puncture with a syringe. If the pain is relieved or disappears after self-rupture or incision and drainage of pus, the body temperature drops and the general condition improves. However, the pus flowing wound does not heal easily or recurs after temporary healing and does not heal over time, and it becomes an anal fistula. Due to the different locations where abscesses occur, the symptoms are also different. The diagnosis is based on: 1. burning pain or throbbing pain in the anus, aggravated by defecation or walking, and a few have difficulty in urination. 2.It may be accompanied by chills, fever and general malaise. 3.Pus cavity can be detected by ultrasound. 4.Blood leukocyte and neutrophil count increase. 5.There are hard nodes or lumps around the anus, with increased local temperature, pressure pain or fluctuation. For abscesses located above the anal raphe, a painful mass can be palpated on rectal finger examination, and pus can be extracted by endorectal puncture. Treatment measures: A few perianal abscesses can be dissipated with antibiotics, hot water sitz baths and local physiotherapy, but most require surgery, which can be performed in two ways. 1. Treatment of simple abscesses A radial incision can be made at the abscess site under local anesthesia or lumbar anesthesia in the truncated or lateral position, and after releasing the pus, the index finger is extended to probe the size of the pus cavity and separate its interval. If necessary, cut the skin at the edge of the incision a little to facilitate drainage, and finally put Vaseline gauze into the abscess cavity to do drainage. 2, abscesses with pus cavity and anal fistula can be cut open abscesses, using a probe to carefully examine the inner mouth, then cut open the fistula, appropriate removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue, the tissue around the inner mouth is also slightly removed, so that the drainage is smooth. If the internal opening is deeper and the fistula passes through the anal sphincter, thread therapy can be used. The advantage of the above procedure is that the abscess is cured in one stage and no more anal fistula is formed. However, in acute inflammation, when there is difficulty in finding the internal opening, one should not blindly look for it so that the inflammation does not spread or form a false tract, and only make an incision to drain the pus and wait until an anal fistula is formed. The advantage of second-stage surgery is accurate results and high cure rate.