Peripheral vascular disease: Peripheral vascular disease refers to vascular diseases other than cardiovascular diseases, including arterial, venous and mixed arteriovenous diseases. According to the World Health Organization survey, peripheral vascular disease is a kind of highly dangerous and high incidence species, the incidence of peripheral vascular disease has a trend of increasing year by year, if left untreated for a long time, the disease will be progressive development, and in serious cases will lead to amputation and disability, or even life-threatening. According to incomplete statistics, about 500,000 legs are amputated at a high level every year due to vascular disease and diabetic foot (gangrene), and 2 million feet (legs) are gangrenous and ulcerated without healing. Vascular pathological changes: stenosis, occlusion, dilation, rupture and venous valve insufficiency Common diseases: thoracic/abdominal aortic aneurysm and coarctation, occlusion of small and medium-sized arteries due to atherosclerosis (such as lower extremity atherosclerosis-occlusive disease, renal artery stenosis, etc.), multiple aortitis, Raynaud’s syndrome, diabetic foot, Bujar’s syndrome, superior/inferior vena cava obstruction syndrome, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, etc. Clinical manifestations: (with Patients with the following symptoms should be alert to the occurrence of vascular diseases, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients with three high complications) 1. aortic and renal artery lesions: long-term hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients are prone to complications such as renal artery stenosis and aortic coarctation, etc. Renal artery stenosis is mainly manifested by refractory hypertension; aortic coarctation is mainly a pain like tearing behind the sternum, etc., which will be life-threatening if not treated in time. 2. Arterial disease of the extremities: The main manifestation is insufficient blood supply to the distal end of the narrowed or occluded artery, with only intermittent claudication in the early stage, then developing to resting pain, pale skin, numbness, etc., often aggravated in winter or after limb contact with cold water, elevation of the affected limb, activity, and later may manifest as blackening, ulceration, gangrene at the end of the limb, eventually requiring amputation. 3. Venous disease of the extremities: deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities is the most common, often manifesting as swelling and persistent pain in the limbs, which can be alleviated by elevating the affected limbs, with high skin temperature, often combined with inflammation of superficial veins, prone to occur in patients of advanced age, tumor patients, long-term bed rest, long-term braking of the affected limbs, and after abdominopelvic surgery, with the most serious complication of fatal pulmonary embolism and life-threatening. 4. Bujar syndrome and superior/inferior vena cava compression syndrome: Bujar syndrome refers to a series of syndromes caused by obstruction of hepatic vein or post-hepatic segment of inferior vena cava, mainly manifested as hypersplenism, ascites, swelling of lower limbs, superficial varices of lower limbs and abdominal wall, which can cause life-threatening damage to liver function in severe cases. Superior/inferior vena cava obstruction syndrome: It refers to a series of syndromes caused by various causes of superior and inferior vena cava obstruction, commonly caused by exogenous compression by malignant tumors or endogenous cancer embolism obstruction, as well as congenital exogenous compression. Superior vena cava obstruction syndrome often manifests as progressive edema of the upper extremities and head and face, and in severe cases may cause cerebral edema. Inferior vena cava and iliac vein obstruction may manifest as ascites, swelling of the lower extremities, and superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities and abdominal wall. Interventional treatment: Treatment of vascular diseases is divided into medical drug treatment, surgical treatment and interventional treatment, among which with the development of interventional techniques and devices, the advantages of safe, efficient and minimally invasive interventional treatment of vascular diseases are becoming more and more obvious. The treatment of various types of vascular stenosis or aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas is carried out through a variety of advanced vascular interventional techniques. For example, balloon catheter dilation and endovascular stent placement can be performed for vascular stenosis; embolization of malformed vessels can be performed for arteriovenous fistulas or arteriovenous malformations; intravenous thrombosis and implantation of protective filters can be performed for venous thrombosis, etc.