Early stage hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly treated by surgical resection. However, because of its insidious onset and high malignancy, most patients are already in the middle and late stages when they are diagnosed, so the success rate of surgical resection is low, and non-surgical treatment is mostly used. With the development of vascular interventional radiology, transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization (TACE), as the main method, has become the first choice for non-surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, which involves selective insertion of hepatocellular carcinoma blood supply artery through femoral artery cannula, embolization and infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs to embolize the main tumor blood vessels to block the tumor blood supply and cause ischemic necrosis, and infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill the tumor cells. Indication: Liver cancer with rich blood supply. Advantages: less invasive, less side effects, can be repeatedly treated, improve survival quality and prolong life. The efficacy of chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma has shown that the long-term survival and disease-free survival rates are similar to those of surgical resection alone, and TACE combined with other treatments may become an alternative treatment to surgery, bringing new hope for patients with unresectable tumors. As an important clinical treatment for liver cancer, TACE mainly blocks the blood supply to the tumor by embolizing the blood supply artery of the tumor, resulting in ischemia and hypoxia to inhibit tumor growth and promote necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells. Since 95%-99% of blood supply of hepatocellular carcinoma comes from hepatic artery, 25%-30% of blood supply of normal liver tissue comes from hepatic artery, while 70%-75% comes from portal vein, embolization of hepatic artery can effectively block the blood supply of tumor and make it shrink and necrotic, while it has less effect on the blood vessels of liver tissue; injection of chemotherapeutic drugs through artery can increase the local drug concentration of tumor, which can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs on the whole body at the same time. It can improve the local drug concentration of the tumor and reduce the toxic side effects of the drug on the whole body. Indications: Applicable to primary hepatocellular carcinoma and postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver function Child grade A, B-). The catheter sheath is inserted by percutaneous arterial puncture with a short guidewire, and then the catheter is inserted under X-ray fluoroscopy. After inserting the catheter selectively into the tumor blood supply artery, arteriography is performed to understand the distribution of the blood supply artery and tumor vessels. Transcatheter infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs or embolic drugs. The more widely used embolic agents in arterial embolization therapy are iodinated oil emulsion, gelatin sponge, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) granules, and drug microspheres. After the treatment, the tube is removed, the puncture site is compressed to stop bleeding, and the limb on the puncture side is braked for 12 hours and lies flat for 24 hours to prevent bleeding and hematoma formation at the puncture site. Interventional efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma: It is mainly related to the malignancy degree and biological behavior of the primary tumor. The survival period of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma in middle and late stages is 3-6 months; interventional treatment enables patients to survive with tumor. Factors affecting prognosis: 1. tumor blood supply: the richer the blood supply, the better the curative effect; 2. tumor envelope: those with envelope have good curative effect; 3. the lighter the cirrhosis, the better the curative effect; those without arteriovenous fistula, those without ascites have good curative effect; 4. older people have better curative effect than younger people; 5. cheerful, strong-willed and proper rest have good effect. Timing of treatment: 1. The interval cycle should be decided according to specific conditions, such as tumor size, iodine oil aggregation, liver function changes, blood picture and general condition. Generally, it can be repeated once every 4-6 weeks. One embolization for middle and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma cannot completely control the tumor growth, so two or more TACE and/or other therapies are needed. 2. Basic conditions for choosing re-treatment: previous treatment is effective; the mass is shrinking; AFP level is still high or elevated; imaging shows that there are still lesions not filled with iodine oil or there are new lesions; liver function is normal or mildly abnormal, and it is estimated that those can receive re-treatment. The general principle is to minimize the number of treatments while keeping the tumor under control and surviving with tumor, in order to improve the patient’s survival quality and reduce the economic burden.