Clinical diagnosis of wrist swelling and pain and limited palmar flexion

  Patients who experience a distal radius fracture have painful swelling of the wrist, especially with limited palmar flexion activity. The disease is mostly caused by indirect external forces, when the elbow is straightened, the forearm is rotated forward, the wrist is dorsally extended, and the palm of the hand lands on the ground during a fall. The stress acts on the distal radius and fracture occurs. This means that the wrist is elevated dorsally and protrudes palmarly. The outline of the ulnar styloid process is lost. The wrist widens and the hand is displaced to the radial side. The lower end of the ulna protrudes and the radial styloid process moves up to or beyond the level of the ulnar styloid process. There is pressure pain in the distal radius, and the fracture end that is displaced to the radial dorsum can be palpated, and bone rubs can be palpated in comminuted fractures.  Swelling and pain of the wrist and limited palmar flexion are mostly caused by indirect external forces. When falling, the elbow is straightened, the forearm is rotated forward, the wrist is dorsally extended, and the palm of the hand is on the ground. The stress acts on the distal radius and the fracture occurs.  The majority of patients with distal radius fractures are injured by dorsal wrist extension, and most of their axial forces are transmitted to the distal radius through the central and lateral columns, through the navicular and lunar bones, and because the cephalic bone is located between the navicular and lunar bones, the forces are mainly concentrated on the navicular and lunar ligaments, which can easily cause navicular and lunar ligament injury and navicular and lunar separation, and the articular surface of the distal radius is often crushed. Because palmar flexion is not conducive to the repair of dorsal structures, ulnar deviation increases the separation of navicular and lunar, and strains the brachioradialis muscle, easily causing radial displacement, which is not conducive to improving the instability of the wrist joint.  Clinical diagnosis: Pain and swelling of the wrist, especially with limited palmar flexion. In cases of severe fracture displacement, a forked deformity may appear, i.e., a dorsal wrist elevation with palmar prominence. The outline of the ulnar styloid process is lost. The wrist is widened and the hand is shifted to the radial side. The lower end of the ulna is prominent and the radial styloid process is superiorly displaced to or beyond the level of the ulnar styloid process. There is pressure pain in the distal radius, palpable fracture ends displaced toward the radial dorsum, and bone rubs may be palpable in comminuted fractures.  ”Wrist stenosing tendon bursitis”, is a painful condition of the wrist on the lateral aspect of the thumb that is very common in clinical practice. It occurs ten times more often in women than in men.  A rice-sized hard cartilage-like mass on the wrist is one of the symptoms of a tendon bursa. Thecal cysts are the most common type of mass on the dorsal side of the wrist and can also occur on the joint capsule and tendon sheaths in other parts of the body.  Bone spurs in the wrist are a phenomenon that occurs when the wrist joint strengthens itself in response to degeneration. Generally speaking, if there is no pressure on the nerve, there is no need to worry too much.