Lifestyle modifications and the following interventions are equally effective in preventing urinary incontinence Patients with moderate to severe obesity, especially those with waist obesity need to lose weight to reduce intra-abdominal pressure; Quit smoking, alcohol, coffee and spicy food to avoid affecting bladder function; Drink 1500 to 2000 ml of water daily and control water consumption in patients who drink too much, but too little water increases the risk of urinary tract infection, urinary stones, constipation and dehydration; Avoid constipation; Use the following medications with caution when you take The following medications need to be used under the supervision of a specialist when you take: medications that affect bladder emptying: such as anticholinergics (scopolamine, benztropine, benzhexol, etc.), antihistamines (diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine, etc.) and beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, etc.); medications that cause edema, such as calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, etc.) and anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, etc.). drugs that cause cognitive changes, such as narcotics; drugs that affect bladder function, such as alpha-blockers (doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin hydrochloride), oral transdermal estrogens (Bemelia, estradiol transdermal patches, etc.) and antipsychotics (clozapine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, etc.); diuretics, such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, etc. Enhanced care for patients with mobility problems, such as reducing barriers during toileting, choosing clothing that is easier to care for, keeping the perineum clean and dry, etc. Functional exercise Functional exercise includes pelvic floor muscle exercises and bladder training as the first-line treatment option for urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence. Compared to medication, behavioral therapy can be effective and sustainable in improving symptoms. Pelvic floor exercises – Kegel exercises Pelvic floor exercises are the first-line conservative treatment option for women with stress incontinence and mixed incontinence. Kegel exercises are based on the principles of strength training and involve squeezing and relaxing the pelvic floor muscles that are used to block urination. Exercises to contract the pelvic floor muscles increase the strength and coordination of the muscles and increase the muscle strength for urethral closure, which in turn prevents urinary incontinence when there is a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Kegel exercises also help control urge incontinence by reflexively or actively tightening the pelvic floor muscles to inhibit leakage during involuntary contractions of the forceps urinis. The basic exercise consists of 3 sets of 8C12 slow pelvic floor muscle contractions, each movement lasting 6C8 seconds, 3-4 times per week for at least 20 weeks. The patient’s desire and perseverance to complete the above movements are key to the success of this treatment program. When adhered to for more than 3 months, it is more effective than any medication and is especially indicated for patients with female stress urinary incontinence. Bladder exercises Bladder exercises are the first-line treatment option for urge incontinence and are also effective for mixed incontinence. Once the patient feels the urge to urinate while awake, the patient needs to actively delay urination for a few minutes until he or she reaches the point of urinating every 2-4 hours. Combined pelvic floor muscle exercises and bladder training are more effective in patients with mixed incontinence combined with Kegel exercises and bladder training than either alone.