As we all know, malignant tumor is a kind of common disease that seriously endangers human life and health. There are two kinds of tumor treatment methods in China: Western medicine and Chinese medicine, and the combination of Chinese and Western medicine is a tumor treatment method with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, scientific and fair evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the two tumor treatment methods of Chinese and Western medicine, as well as the correct understanding of the theoretical basis of the combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine is very important for the treatment of tumors, which helps to further improve the treatment effect of tumors. Since the exact etiology and pathogenesis of tumors are unknown, modern medicine mainly adopts surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological immunotherapy and gene targeting therapy. Clinical practice shows that it is difficult to achieve the best effect by any single treatment method. Chinese medicine mainly adopts evidence-based treatment in the treatment of tumors. The treatment of tumor is based on the evidence derived from the examination, hearing, questioning and cutting, using Chinese medicine to regulate the imbalance of cytokine network in the body of tumor patients and the secondary pathophysiological changes caused by it, to correct the abnormal pathophysiological processes caused by the development of tumor and to restore the balance of yin and yang in the body, so as to relieve the symptoms, improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time. The effect of the treatment is to relieve the symptoms, improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time. For example, it can promote the recovery process of patients after surgery, and it can be used during radiotherapy and chemotherapy to enhance the effect of detoxification. Combining TCM evidence-based treatment with Western medicine treatment has obvious disciplinary advantages. The basic principle is: Western medicine uses surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other treatment methods to destroy tumor cells in order to get rid of evil, which can achieve the near-term and long-term efficacy of tumor treatment; Chinese medicine uses evidence-based treatment to correct various pathological and physiological processes that occur in human body during the development of tumor, and restore the balance of yin and yang, which can improve the quality of life and long-term efficacy. The addition of the two not only improves the patient’s symptoms, but also enhances the overall effect of tumor treatment. TCM treatment can be applied to the whole process of tumor treatment, especially for advanced stage patients, those whose efficacy is evaluated as ineffective or patients refuse chemotherapy after radiotherapy-based western medical treatment, or those advanced stage tumor patients who are too old, poor in constitution or have impaired function of important organs to tolerate conventional doses of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chinese medicine is the national essence of China, and our medical profession has the responsibility to make Chinese medicine play its proper role in the comprehensive treatment of tumors.