Heat stroke is an acute illness caused by disorders of the central nervous system and circulatory system caused by the disturbance of the body’s thermoregulatory function in a hot environment. In addition to high temperature and sun exposure, excessive work intensity, long hours, lack of sleep, and overexertion are common triggers. According to the severity of clinical manifestations, heat stroke can be divided into aura heat stroke, mild heat stroke and severe heat stroke, and the relationship between them is progressive. Symptoms of aura heat stroke Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, thirst, excessive sweating, weak and sore limbs, inattention and uncoordinated movements in a high temperature environment. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated. If you move to a cool and ventilated place in time and replenish water and salt, you can recover in a short time. Symptoms of mild heat stroke Body temperature is often above 38 degrees. Dizziness and thirst are often accompanied by flushing, profuse sweating and burning skin, or wet and cold extremities, pale face, decreased blood pressure and increased pulse rate. If treated promptly, recovery is often possible within a few hours. Severe heatstroke symptoms As the name implies, it is the most severe form of heatstroke and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. This type of heat stroke can be divided into four types: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, sunstroke and pyrexia. 1, heat cramps symptom characteristics: mostly occur in a large number of sweating and thirst, drinking a lot of water and salt supplementation caused by a rapid and significant decrease in the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood. This type of heat stroke occurs when the muscle will suddenly appear paroxysmal spasms of pain. 2, heat exhaustion symptoms: This kind of heat stroke often occurs in the elderly and people who have not been able to adapt to high temperatures for a while. The main symptoms are dizziness, headache, panic, thirst, nausea, vomiting, wet and cold skin, decreased blood pressure, fainting or confusion. The body temperature at this time is normal or slightly high. 3, sunstroke symptom characteristics: the cause of this type of heat stroke is just like its name, because directly under the hot sun exposure, strong sunlight penetrating the skin and skull of the head caused brain cell damage, which in turn causes congestion and edema of brain tissue; because the main injury is the head, so the first discomfort is a severe headache, nausea and vomiting, irritability, followed by coma and convulsions. 4, heat stroke symptom characteristics: there is also a part of people engaged in physical labor in a hot environment for a long time, the body produces too much heat and not enough heat dissipation, resulting in a sharp rise in body temperature. In the early stage of the disease, there is a lot of cold sweat, followed by no sweat, shallow and rapid breathing, fine and rapid pulse, restlessness, confusion, blood pressure drop, and gradually develop to coma with limb convulsions; severe cases can produce cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc. Symptoms of pediatric heatstroke The prominent manifestation of pediatric heatstroke is high fever, the general heatstroke body temperature often reaches 38 ℃ -39 ℃, severe heatstroke even body temperature of 41 ℃ or more. At the beginning of the disease, the child sweats more, and then because of sweating too much may cause the subthalamic and sweat gland dysfunction, the skin instead of sweating, dry and burning, facial flushing, no sweat when the child’s body temperature will often rise further rapidly. In some cases, children may suffer from convulsions and coma, which may be complicated by cerebral edema, respiratory failure, circulatory failure and impairment of important organ functions. Try to avoid prolonged direct exposure to the hot sun. In the hot season, indoor ventilation should be done. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of heat stroke in frail children. Once heatstroke occurs, immediately take strong cooling measures, either physical cooling, or drug cooling, and timely replenishment of water and electrolytes. Why pediatric heatstroke fever Under normal circumstances, the human body temperature is generally maintained at 36 ℃ – 37 ℃, this constant body temperature is due to the role of the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center, so that the body heat production and heat loss to maintain a relative balance. When the ambient temperature is higher than the body surface temperature, coupled with poor ventilation, the human body’s radiation and conduction convection heat dissipation method of obstruction, the external temperature through the radiation to increase body temperature, then mainly rely on sweating evaporation method of heat dissipation. However, when the high temperature and high humidity environment exist at the same time, the evaporative heat dissipation by sweating is also affected, and the residual heat in the body accumulates in large quantities, and the body temperature rises rapidly. When the body temperature rises, it will cause the central nervous system to be excited, the endocrine system to be enhanced, protein and sugar metabolism to be hyperactive, and heat production to be increased in the body, which in turn will cause the body temperature to rise. Hypothalamus affected by high temperature will cause skin vasodilation, a lot of sweating, a lot of sweating will make the body lose water and salt, which can make the blood volume is insufficient to lead to circulatory failure. Hyperthermia heat stroke can cause meningeal vascular congestion and cerebral edema, and can also cause damage to cardiac muscle cells. When a child suffers from heatstroke, the first symptom is fever, the temperature can reach 38℃-39℃, or even 41℃ in severe cases, and the higher the temperature of a child with heatstroke, the longer it lasts, the worse the prognosis. Therefore, rapid cooling is the key to heatstroke treatment.