〖Women’s Stress Incontinence〗 1.What is stress urinary incontinence? What is called urinary incontinence? In fact is the leakage, then what is stress urinary incontinence (stress urinary incontinence, SUI) it? It is the leakage of urine caused by an increase in abdominal pressure. Its exact definition is the involuntary leakage of urine from the urethra when the abdominal pressure is increased by sneezing, coughing or labor or exercise. Some women urinate when chasing cars, jumping rope is a typical manifestation of stress incontinence, stress incontinence brings a lot of inconvenience and embarrassment to life, and many women are too shy to seek medical attention, delaying treatment, so we need to understand the ins and outs of it, so that our women can get rid of this embarrassment and distress after childbirth, after menopause and other high incidence of incontinence stage. 2, the incidence of the disease The incidence of stress urinary incontinence reports vary from country to country, the national epidemiological survey conducted by Peking Union Medical College Hospital suggests that the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in Chinese adult women is as high as 18.9%, and its highest prevalence in the age group of 50-59 years old, 28.0%. So what is the relationship between the occurrence of stress incontinence? It is mentioned above that postpartum and postmenopausal are the vulnerable stages of urinary incontinence, why is this? I. Etiology Stress urinary incontinence is divided into two types. 90% or more is urethral hypermobile SUI (used to be called anatomical SUI), caused by pelvic floor tissue relaxation; about 10% is urethral intrinsic sphincter defect type SUI, caused by congenital defects. We know that the bottom of our pelvic cavity supports the organs in the pelvic cavity, and this bottom we call the pelvic floor, which supports the bladder and urethra, uterus and rectum above it, and the most powerful pelvic floor tissues are the muscles and ligaments that support the bladder and urethra, uterus and rectum so that they do not prolapse and move downward. The main muscle is the levator ani and the ligaments are the main ligament and the uterosacral ligament. The growing fetus and amniotic fluid placenta and other appendages of a woman’s pregnancy increase the pressure on the pelvic floor as the months increase, so some pregnant women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy will have symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. During labor, excessive pressure on the pelvic floor muscles from fetal dew, the use of vaginal surgery such as fetal head suction and breech traction, and increased postpartum abdominal pressure can all cause damage to the pelvic floor tissue and relaxation. Studies have found that stress incontinence is significantly associated with age at first birth, number of deliveries, fetal birth weight, perineal anesthesia and forceps assisted delivery. 2, dysfunction congenital lack of tissue support around the bladder urethra or innervation is not sound, is the cause of incontinence in some young women and unborn women. Postmenopausal women due to estrogen loss, so that the urethra and bladder triangle submucosal vein thinning, reduced blood supply and mucosal epithelial degeneration, so that the urethra and bladder tissue tension is reduced, the urethra and the surrounding pelvic floor muscles atrophy, and thus incontinence. 3, pelvic mass When there is a huge mass in the pelvis, such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, resulting in a temporary increase in abdominal pressure, the position of the bladder-urethra junction is reduced and incontinence. 4, weight The occurrence of stress incontinence is related to the patient’s body weight index (BWI) is too large and abdominal obesity.