For many years, “cervical erosion” has been considered the most common pathological type of chronic cervicitis, and some even consider it as a high-risk factor for cervical cancer, or even as a precancerous lesion of the cervix. Therefore, it is a problem for many women. In recent years, the medical community has clarified that “cervical erosion” is not a disease. It should be a physiological change of the cervix. Therefore, the term “cervical erosion” has been abandoned as an inappropriate term that scares and worries women. The term was changed to “cervical columnar epithelial ectasia”. However, due to the long-standing habit, there are many physicians who have not changed their minds and still refer to “cervical columnar epithelial ectasia”. The company has been called “cervical erosion” and advocates the use of medication to intervene. The actual fact is that some private medical institutions, or individual gynecological clinics contracted in state-run, military, and armed police hospitals, only consider for economic benefits, make a big deal about it, and make the “cervical erosion” very scary, so that women are more afraid of the “cervical erosion”. So they are given various physical treatments such as laser, freezing, microwave, electrocautery and even Lipo (Leep) knife for cervical disease. These wrong treatments not only bring physical pain and financial loss to healthy women, but also bring quite serious side effects. Young, infertile women who are treated with these physical methods can become infertile and even have “miscarriages or premature births” in future pregnancies! The essence of the so-called “cervical erosion” is a physiological phenomenon of cervical columnar epithelial outgrowth, not a disease, and does not require treatment. Recent studies have proven that the mechanism of cervical erosion is mainly due to the action of estrogen secreted by the ovaries on the cervix, making the squamous and columnar junction ectopic. There are two types of cells in the cervix: squamous epithelial cells, which cover the surface like fish scales and look smooth, and columnar epithelial cells, which stand on the surface of the cervix like a column and appear red. Because of the influence of estrogen, the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal proliferates and moves outward from the cervical opening to cover the squamous epithelium, giving the tissue in that area a finely granular red area. It was covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium only, with a flat surface; later, due to excessive proliferation of glandular epithelium with interstitial hyperplasia, the surface was uneven and granular. According to the size of the columnar epithelial hyperplasia, it is clinically classified as “cervical erosion” degree I, degree II and degree III. The squamocolumnar junction is formed between the columnar epithelial outgrowth and squamous epithelium. The squamocolumnar junction can move in response to estrogenic changes. For example, the influence of maternal estrogen in newborns can cause the outward migration of cervical columnar epithelium, which is called congenital cervical erosion; during pregnancy and oral contraceptives can cause the outward migration of squamous junction, which is called physiological cervical erosion; after puberty, due to the increase of estrogen secreted by ovaries, which stimulates the proliferation of columnar epithelium, the original squamous junction moves outward to the vaginal part of the cervix, so that the whole cervix is covered by the outward migration of columnar cells, forming the so-called “cervical junction”. Therefore, the entire cervix is covered by outwardly migrated columnar cells, forming the so-called “cervical erosion degree III”. After menopause, the squamous junction returns to the cervical canal as the estrogen level decreases. Celiac disease is rarely seen after menopause. The elimination of the term “cervical erosion” does not mean the elimination of this clinical phenomenon. What is the treatment of this common clinical phenomenon? Because of the outward migration of the columnar epithelium and the weak resistance of the columnar epithelium during the formation of the transformation zone, it is prone to co-infection. First of all, cervical cytology screening and HPV testing should be performed if available, and colposcopy and biopsy should be performed to rule out CIN and cervical cancer depending on the results of the screening. In cases of obvious congestion and edema, especially bleeding when touched, and purulent discharge from the cervical canal, attention should be paid to the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In addition, attention should be paid to the possibility of mucopurulent cervicitis. In recent years, mucopurulent cervicitis has been gaining attention, and a smear of purulent cervical discharge with Gram stain and neutrophils >30/high magnification is useful for diagnosis.