Aortic coarctation is a tear in the intima of the aorta caused by a variety of etiologies, and the blood flows through the endothelial tear into the intima, causing a separation of the intima of the aortic wall to form a hematoma or so-called “double-lumen” aorta, i.e., a dilated false lumen and a compressed and deformed true lumen. There are three types of aortic coarctation: type I coarctation is extensive, with the rupture in the ascending aorta; type II is limited to the ascending aorta, with the rupture also in the ascending aorta; and type III is limited or extensive, with the rupture both in the superior descending aorta. The clamping may involve the main branches of the aorta, such as the coronary artery, cephalobrachial artery, spinal artery and renal artery, causing ischemic or infarct changes; it may involve the aortic valve annulus, causing incomplete closure of the aortic valve; it may break into the pericardium, thoracic cavity, mediastinum and retroperitoneum, causing pericardial tamponade and bleeding in the thoracic cavity, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. The most common symptom of acute aortic coarctation is sudden and severe chest and back pain (about 90%), which is like tearing or cutting, and may radiate to the neck and abdomen. In severe cases, shock, congestive heart failure, sudden death, cerebrovascular accident and paraplegia may occur. The treatment of aortic coarctation mainly includes drug therapy, interventional therapy and surgical treatment. Interventional endoluminal repair techniques have enriched the treatment of aortic coarctation and have made the procedure less invasive and safer. For the current state of treatment, minimally invasive endoluminal treatment is the mainstay for Stanford B aortic coarctation. The basis for treatment includes the following conditions, or indications for surgery: persistent enlargement of the entrapment, as evidenced by rapid increase in the diameter and extent of the aortic entrapment, thoracic hemorrhage, and uncontrollable pain; or ischemia of major branches of the aorta, such as the superior mesenteric artery and renal artery. For Stanford A aortic coarctation with a cleft in the ascending aorta, ascending aorta + total aortic arch replacement + distal elephant trunk surgery is required.