Pulmonary inflammation can cause atelectasis. Pulmonary atelectasis occurs in pneumonia due to blockage of local bronchi by sputum plugs, resulting in poor airway drainage and limited atelectasis, mostly in elderly and frail patients, who have poor coughing ability and cannot easily cough up sputum. In addition, some patients with lung infections can also develop atelectasis due to inflammatory damage to the bronchial tubes, resulting in localized scarring and narrowing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the corresponding examination when pneumonia occurs, and bronchoscopy should be performed at the same time as anti-infection to clarify the cause of pulmonary atelectasis.