In the previous article on the causes of breast cancer, I have listed most of the factors related to the occurrence of breast cancer, what are the good prevention methods for these causes?
1. Low-fat and low-calorie diet, more fresh vegetables and fruits, and more coarse fiber diet. Eat more bean foods.
International studies on the relationship between diet and breast cancer incidence have come to conflicting conclusions. Part of the studies suggest that there is no obvious correlation between diet and breast cancer incidence, while the other part suggests that a low-fat, low-calorie, crude fiber and multi-vitamin diet can slightly reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Theoretically, a low-fat, low-calorie, coarse-fiber, multi-vitamin diet can delay the first menstruation of women, which is a protective factor for breast cancer, so although the evidence is not sufficient, it is still recommended to pay attention to the diet.
2. Reduce alcohol consumption and smoking.
Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer. However, there is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health, and there is no harm but no benefit, so it is recommended that women reduce alcohol consumption and eliminate smoking.
3, increase physical exercise. Physical exercise is a protective factor for the mammary glands.
4, promote breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding is beneficial to both the baby and the mother, so it is recommended that you try to breastfeed.
5.Reduce the chances of the breast receiving ionizing radiation.
If women do not particularly need it, try to reduce chest CT exams and avoid mammograms under the age of 35.
6, reduce the use of exogenous estrogen.
Many women take hormone therapy after menopause in order to slow down aging, the so-called hormone replacement therapy, which is a known risk factor for breast cancer and is recommended to be avoided as much as possible.
7. Maintain a calm and happy mood.
Personally, I always believe that emotion and mental state is an important invisible factor, which is true for the health condition of the whole body, as well as for each specific organ and system. I think that in our society nowadays, women are under more pressure, from work, family, child rearing, etc. Therefore, it is easier to be emotionally and mentally active. Therefore, the emotional and mental are more susceptible to influence, shock, and trauma. It is recommended that all women try to regulate themselves and maintain a calm and happy state of mind.
8, drug prevention (chemoprevention), tamoxifen oral.
Tamoxifen is the only drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that can be used for breast cancer prevention. Current studies have confirmed that tamoxifen can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high-risk groups by 50%. However, tamoxifen is limited to the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk groups. On the one hand, its preventive effect is significantly reduced in the intermediate and low-risk groups. On the other hand, tamoxifen has significant side effects when taken for a long time.
Currently, tamoxifen is indicated for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia, BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, and a 5-year risk factor of 1.66% in the Gail model. The so-called Gail model is a model used by European and American countries to predict breast cancer risk, which uses information such as current age, age at menarche, age at first live birth (or childlessness), number of breast biopsies, family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, and pathological diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia, and is used to screen high-risk groups from the general population for prevention and regular screening.
There are also some useful drugs in the chemoprevention trials for breast cancer: raloxifene, aromatase inhibitors, xanthophylls, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (aspirin-like drugs), phytoestrogens, etc., which are still in the research stage.
9. Prophylactic mastectomy and prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy.
For BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and other high-risk women, prophylactic mastectomy and prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy is an option. Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high-risk women by more than 90%. Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy can significantly reduce the incidence of ovarian and breast cancer.
Since prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy is a destructive surgery, irreversible and brings many physical, psychological and sociological problems, it is important to have an accurate assessment of the individual risk of morbidity by a medical professional and the choice of surgery needs to be made carefully.
To conclude, frankly speaking, there is very little we can do to prevent the cause of breast cancer, as most of the causes are beyond our autonomy, such as genetic factors, family aggregation, age, reproduction, ethnic factors, etc. We can only do what we can do to prevent breast cancer. We can only try to do our best in the limited factors that we can do. It is more important for us to have regular screening, early detection and early treatment.