Clinical manifestations Its clinical manifestations are sudden onset, severe lumbar pain, the pain is mostly persistent or intermittent, and radiates along the ureter to the iliac fossa, perineum and scrotum, etc.; the appearance of hematuria or pyuria, urinary difficulty or interruption of urinary flow. Calcium oxalate stones are hard, rough, irregular, often mulberry-like, and brown in color. Calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are friable, rough, irregular, gray, yellow or brown, visible in the X-ray film layering phenomenon, often forming antler-shaped stones. Uric acid stones are hard, smooth or irregular, often multiple, yellow or reddish brown, and pure uric acid stones are not shown on radiographs. Cystine stones are smooth, yellowish to yellowish brown, and waxy in appearance. Clinical significance Urinalysis can not only measure the type of stones in patients; it is also helpful in the formulation of treatment programs, disease course observation, prevention of recurrence and prognosis judgment; it is also of great significance in the understanding of stone composition, distribution, epidemiological investigations and prevention and treatment studies. Dietary contraindications Patients with this disease should be prohibited from eating cholesterol-containing animal liver, kidney, brain, shrimp, clams and crabs. Eat less food containing high oxalic acid and calcium, such as spinach, oilseed rape, kelp, walnut beets, chocolate, milk replacer, sesame paste, pickled scallops and so on. It is best to avoid alcohol, strong tea and coffee. Treatment: treatment of renal colic 1, antispasmodic pain relief: 2, acupressure pain relief: 3, local closure of the skin allergy area: 4, acupuncture therapy: non-surgical treatment Non-surgical treatment is generally suitable for stone diameter of less than 1 centimeter, smooth periphery, no obvious urinary obstruction and infection, for some clinical symptoms do not cause symptoms of intrarenal large deuterocanalicular stones, can also be temporarily non-surgical treatment. 1, drink a lot of water: increase the volume of urine to flush the urinary tract, promote the downward movement of stones, dilute the urine to reduce crystal precipitation. 2, herbal treatment: daily life to tea as a beverage in addition to preventing and improving the treatment of stones can also regulate the balance of the body mechanism, enhance the body’s resistance. This kind of herbal tea mainly has dandelion, honeysuckle, yellow dock and so on. 3, acupuncture method: increase the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter, which is conducive to the discharge of stones. 4.Frequent jumping activities, or on the renal calyx of the stone line inverted three-dimensional position and patting activities, is also conducive to the discharge of stones. 5.Others: for those who have bacterial infection in urine culture, use sensitive drugs (Ophthacin, Mildronate) to actively fight infection, and for those who have metabolic disorders in the body, they should actively treat the primary disease and regulate the acidity and alkalinity of the urine and so on. Surgery: Surgery should be considered if the obstruction of urinary flow caused by stones has affected renal function, or if the non-surgical treatment is ineffective and there is no condition for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Preoperative preparation: Before surgery, we must know the bilateral renal function, and if there is infection, we should control the infection with antimicrobials first. Ureteral stone patients before entering the operating room or on the operating table preoperative urethrogram for the final localization of the stone. Surgical methods: According to the size, shape and location of the stone, the following surgical methods are commonly used: 1, renal pelvis or renal sinus incision lithotripsy: incision of the renal pelvis, to remove the stone, antler stones or calyceal stones, and sometimes have to be made in the renal sinus of the renal pelvis calyces incision lithotomy. 2, renal parenchyma incision lithotomy: renal stones are large, can not be cut through the renal sinus lithotomy, need to cut the renal parenchyma lithotomy. 3.Partial nephrectomy: It is suitable for multiple stones in one pole of the kidney (mostly in the lower pole of the kidney), or located in the dilated and poorly draining calyx, and the one pole or calyx of the kidney can be resected together with the stones. 4.Nephrectomy:one side of the kidney stones and serious hydronephrosis or renal pus, has made the renal function seriously impaired or loss of function, while the opposite side of the kidney function is good, feasible to remove the affected kidney. 5.Ureteral lithotomy: ureteral stone diameter greater than 1 cm or stone embedded caused by urinary obstruction or infection, the non-surgical treatment is ineffective, feasible ureteral lithotomy. 6, set stone surgery: ureteral stones in the lower part of the diameter of less than 0.6 centimeters, can be tried through the cystoscopy with a special set of basket or catheter set extraction.