Accidental trauma in children is one of the most common emergencies in pediatric surgical clinics, and its incidence is gradually increasing with modern economic development and social progress. Children’s accidents can be seen in all ages of pediatrics, with toddlers and preschoolers being the most common, and boys being more common than girls. When the child accidental trauma, many parents are at a loss, do not make timely and correct treatment, or even wrong treatment but aggravate the injury. Now introduces several common children’s accidental trauma treatment and preventive measures. Soft tissue injuries Soft tissue injuries include abrasions, contusions, hematomas, lacerations, soft tissue foreign body injuries. Often occur in falls, bed falls, sharps injuries, traffic accidents and so on. Abrasions and contusions are usually just epidermal or dermal injuries of the skin, and the wounds will show a small amount of exudate, little or no bleeding, and contusions will be accompanied by multiple small hematomas. Abrasions and contusions are less traumatic, but often a foreign body adheres to the injury, which can be removed by washing with saline and applying topical iodine povidone or Bactrim ointment. Hematoma is the blood leakage or outflow of blood vessels gathered in the body tissues, often occurs in the subcutaneous, fascia, muscle, periosteum, organs. The head and face are common sites for hematomas due to the abundance of blood vessels. Symptoms and severity of hematoma and the degree of trauma, bleeding, injury and site-related, early hematoma should not be rubbed and hot compresses, so as not to aggravate vascular damage. Because of the hematoma condition is difficult to determine, it is recommended to go to the hospital in a timely manner. Laceration is a trauma in which the skin and subcutaneous tissues are cracked, which often occurs in bruises, sharp injuries and local extrusion. After the occurrence of laceration can be used to stop bleeding with a clean dressing compression, immediately to the hospital to clear the wound suture treatment. Soft tissue foreign body injuries are mostly seen in metal foreign objects (nails, sewing needles, etc.), glass, bamboo and wood thorns. Because foreign objects enter the human body and move with muscle movement, plus the possibility of infection, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time for treatment. Burns Burns are a very common accidental trauma in children, and serious large-area burns cause great harm to children and deserve every parent’s attention! Burns are divided into scalding, fire, electric burns, chemical burns, etc., with scalding being the most common. The most important thing to do is to prevent burns by watching your child to avoid contact with hot pots and pans, boiling water bottles, stoves, chemicals, working electrical appliances and other hazards. Some parents leave their children unattended when the hot meal (soup) first served on the dining room table, or the dining room table is padded with a tablecloth, the child pulls the tablecloth so that the hot soup poured over and led to scalding; to give the child a bath, do not pour hot water into the bathtub and then go to catch the cool water, may be “unknowingly” the child will be too eager to jump into the basin resulting in serious burns (the correct method is to add cool water first). The correct way is to add cool water first). In the event of a burn, immediately move away from the heat source and rinse the burn quickly with tap water for 10 minutes to avoid aggravating the depth of the burn. For small, minor burns, apply badger oil, Jingwanhong, Yushu oil, or Qingliang oil externally. For severe and large burns, send them to the hospital in time for treatment. Bicycle Spoke Injuries Spoke injuries are a common occurrence in children, where the child’s foot is twisted into the spokes of a bicycle, causing trauma. The extent of the injury depends on the condition of the foot, the shoes and socks worn, and the speed of the bicycle. Typically, spoke injuries result in abrasions to the ankle, skin abrasions, pain, localized edema, and, less frequently, a fracture. A simple and effective measure to prevent spoke injuries is to install plastic fenders on the bicycle. If a small child’s seat is placed on the back of the bike, it is recommended that it be installed so that the child faces backwards, not only preventing spoke injuries, but also preventing the child from inhaling cool air while facing forward. Foreskin zipper injuries Boys’ foreskins are generally longer, and when a child wears zippered pants to urinate, he or she will sometimes pull the foreskin into the zipper. Once the foreskin zipper injury occurs, the child will be in severe pain, crying. At this time, parents or kindergarten teachers should not panic, not to mention repeated up and down the zipper, which is not only not easy to release, but will aggravate the foreskin injury. The correct method is to see the embedded part of the foreskin and zipper, and cut the zipper to remove the foreskin. Dog bites Dog bites used to be seen in rural areas in the north, and now with more and more dogs, urban dog bites are on the rise. Dog bites occurring in the city are mostly smaller pet dog bites, most of the minor injuries, usually tooth marks bite wounds. The skin has teeth bite marks that go deep under the skin, accompanied by pain and bleeding, and is prone to secondary infections. Lacerations can occur if a larger dog is attacking a person. The most serious lethal complication of dog bites is rabies. Dog bites should be immediately after repeated rinsing of the wound with hydrogen peroxide or soapy water, local outward squeeze of blood, and then local iodine, alcohol disinfection, heavier or no conditions as soon as possible to send to the hospital for debridement treatment. Dog bites often do not know whether it is an ordinary dog or a dog with rabies virus, the wound is usually open without suture and injected with rabies vaccine and tetanus vaccine. Semi-dislocation of the elbow joint Semi-dislocation of the radial tuberosity, also known as “pulling elbow”, is a common injury in children. It occurs at an average age of 2-3 years, with the youngest being 2 months old, and rarely occurs over the age of 7 years. The dislocation is often caused by a sudden longitudinal pull (sudden lifting of the arm) or, in a few cases, by squeezing of the elbow joint while it is in internal rotation. The child may cry, be reluctant to use the affected limb, especially to lift the hand to retrieve objects, and remain in a prolonged drooping position. Individuals may have swelling of the hand or distal wrist pain. Plain radiographs show no fractures or other changes. If other trauma is excluded, parents can carefully try reset treatment. The method is to hold the upper part of the elbow joint with one hand and fix it, the other hand makes the child’s forearm flexed and then externally rotated, usually repeat the action 2 or 3 times to reset. In some cases, the sound of the reset can be heard or felt, and the child can move freely after the reset is successful. It is worth mentioning that repeated dislocation must try to avoid pulling the affected limb, so as not to cause habitual dislocation.