In medicine, cancer refers to malignant tumors originating from epithelial tissues, which is the most common type of malignant tumors. Tumor is a new organism formed when cells of local tissues lose the normal regulation of their growth at the genetic level under the action of various tumor-causing factors, resulting in abnormal proliferation and differentiation. Once the neoplasm is formed, it does not stop growing due to the elimination of the cause, and its growth is not regulated by the normal physiology of the body, but destroys normal tissues and organs, which is especially obvious in malignant tumors. Compared with benign tumors, malignant tumors grow fast and infiltrate, and are prone to bleeding, necrosis, ulcers, etc., and often have distant metastasis, resulting in human wasting, weakness, anemia, loss of appetite, fever and serious organ function damage, which eventually cause patients’ death.
1.Lung cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Long-term smokers: statistics show that 9 out of 10 patients who die of lung cancer are smokers.
(2) Patients with chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis and other lung diseases.
(3) Those who have been exposed to radiation inside and outside the body.
(4) Those who have been exposed to soot or oil smoke for a long time, miners.
Preventive measures.
(1) Smokers should quit smoking, and those who have a history of smoking should have a cancer prevention physical examination once a year.
(2) Seek medical attention promptly when symptoms such as cough, blood in sputum or hemoptysis, chest pain, chest tightness and shortness of breath occur.
(3) Over 45 years old, in order to reduce the damage of kitchen fumes, it is necessary to do less high-temperature fried food, and middle-aged and elderly people who have been engaged in cooking for more than 30 years should pay attention to regular medical checkups.
2.Stomach cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Patients with chronic gastric diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer.
(2) Those with family history of gastric cancer.
(3) Rubber workers, and coal workers.
(4) Alcoholics and smokers.
(5) People who like high-salt diet, pickled food, especially unpickled food.
Preventive measures.
(1) Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
(2) Avoid excessive intake of high fat, high protein and fine fiber.
(3) Eat less salty, pickled, dry and hard food.
(4) Eat more green and yellow vegetables to avoid overweight and obesity.
(5) Seek medical attention promptly for stomach discomfort, indigestion, acid reflux, stomach pain and bloating, and anemia with black stool.
3.Liver cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Long-term heavy drinkers: it may lead to cirrhosis, and the rate of transformation from cirrhosis to liver cancer is as high as 70%.
(2) People who have viral hepatitis.
(3) People with long-term exposure to aflatoxin intake, such as those who often eat moldy food.
(4) Those who often drink contaminated water.
(5) People with family history of liver cancer Preventive measures.
(1) Pay attention to the safety of drinking water and do not eat moldy food.
(2) Get vaccinated against hepatitis and limit alcohol consumption if you have hepatitis.
(3) Maintain a healthy body weight. Seek medical attention promptly if nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, loss of appetite or yellow urine occur without obvious reasons.
4.Breast cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Those who have never given birth or have given birth too late, or those who are over 40 years old and not pregnant and not breastfeeding.
(2) Those who have had many miscarriages and those who take birth control pills frequently.
(3) People who are exposed to a lot of estrogen-like chemicals (e.g. cosmetics).
(4) People under high mental stress.
Preventive measures.
(1) Keep your mood relaxed and insist on physical exercise.
(2) It is best to breastfeed until the child is 6 months old.
(3) Do not use estrogen indiscriminately, and seek medical attention promptly if you find any hard lump or pain in your breast.
(4) Women with family history of breast cancer, not pregnant over 40 years old and overweight should have an annual physical examination and early breast cancer screening.
5.Cervical cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Those who start sexual life too early, have multiple sexual partners and other people with more chaotic sexual life.
(2) Those who have multiple pregnancies and multiple births.
(3) Viral infection: HPV infected people.
(4) Long-time smokers and oral contraceptive users.
Preventive measures.
(1) The most effective way to prevent cervical cancer is vaccination against cervical cancer and active treatment of chronic cervical disease.
(2) To prevent unclean sex in life.
(3) Women who have been sexually active for more than 3 years or those who are 21 years old or older should have regular cervical cancer screening.
6.Bowel cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) People who eat too much meat all year round and lack dietary fiber intake.
(2) People who are sedentary and do not have regular bowel movement.
(3) People with gastrointestinal diseases, ulcerative colitis, schistosomiasis.
(4) Those with family history of colon and rectal cancer, those with history of pelvic radiotherapy, and those with gallbladder or appendectomy.
Preventive measures.
(1) Eat less and move more, increase the amount of exercise appropriately, and develop the habit of regular bowel movement.
(2) Eat less fried, pan-fried and pickled foods, and more light vegetarian food.
(3) Regular colorectal cancer screening. Seek medical attention promptly for sudden increase or decrease in stool, diarrhea, unclean stool, flattening, thinning or irregular stool, etc.
7.Thyroid cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) People who are frequently exposed to radiation: the causative agent of thyroid cancer is unknown, but the thyroid gland is sensitive to the radiation environment.
(2) People with excessive iodine intake.
Preventive measures.
(1) Be aware of protection and minimize exposure to radiation sources.
(2) People with high incidence of thyroid cancer, such as women, family history of thyroid cancer, and residents of coastal areas, should have at least one physical examination every year.
8.Esophageal cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) People with digestive system diseases, patients with esophagitis, people with family history of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer.
(2) Smokers and drinkers, those who lack vitamin intake.
(3) People who eat too hot for a long time and people who eat too fast for a long time.
Preventive measures.
(1) People who have esophageal cancer patients in their immediate family should have regular medical checkups.
(2) Avoid eating too fast and too coarse, and the temperature of food should be below 40 degrees Celsius.
(3) Do not eat moldy food, eat less pickled food, do not smoke, drink less, do not squat food, and be careful of fish spines, poultry and animal bones, etc. to pierce the esophageal wall.
9.Pancreatic cancer – the king of cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) Long-term heavy smokers, alcohol drinkers and coffee drinkers.
(2) Patients with diabetes.
(3) Patients with chronic pancreatitis.
(4) The most common age of onset is 45-65 years old, with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1.
Preventive measures.
(1) Quit smoking and limit the amount of alcohol consumption.
(2) Eat less high-fat, high-protein, high-calorie foods, and eat more fruits and vegetables.
(3) Patients with diabetes and chronic pancreatitis should have regular medical checkups.
10.rectal cancer.
High risk groups.
(1) High intake of animal fat and protein and insufficient intake of dietary fiber are high-risk factors for the occurrence of rectal cancer.
(2) Rectal polyps.
Preventive measures.
(1) Quit smoking and limit the amount of alcohol consumption.
(2) Eat less high-fat, high-protein and high-calorie food, and eat more fruits and vegetables.