What is the purpose of standardized pain management (GPM)? 1.To provide continuous and effective pain relief; 2.To avoid or reduce the adverse effects of analgesics; 3.To minimize the psychological and mental burden of pain and treatment on patients; 4.To maximize the quality of life of pain patients. What are the principles of cancer analgesic treatment? 1.Oral administration is the main, preferred and non-invasive route of drug delivery; simple and economical; stable blood concentration can be obtained; high efficiency of pain relief; easy to adjust the dose; not easy to addiction and drug resistance. 2.Use the drugs according to the ladder: ① choose non-steroidal drugs (NSAID) for mild pain ② choose weak opioids for moderate pain, and can combine with NSAIDs ③ choose strong opioids for severe pain, and can combine with NSAIDs. 3. Take the medication on time. Instead of taking medication only when there is pain, regardless of whether the patient is in pain when the medication is given, it is not given on demand to ensure continuous relief of cancer pain. Take controlled slow-release opioids as the basis for pain relief, and give immediate-release opioids when titration and outbreak pain appear. 4. Individualized drug administration. There is no ideal standard dose of opioid drugs, and there are obvious individual differences, such as men and women, the severity of the disease, the degree of tumor invasion, etc.; that is, according to the actual condition of patients, different drug doses are given, starting from small doses, and individualized dosing plan is formulated. 5. Pay attention to process details. Strengthen patient monitoring to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. What are the problems of cancer pain relief now? 1.Incorrect concept of medical workers, insufficient attention to pain; inadequate pain assessment; relatively arbitrary route of administration, drug selection, irregular titration of analgesic treatment, inadequate drug dosage, prevention and treatment of analgesic side effects; 2.Insufficient awareness and unpopularity of cancer pain and treatment among patients and family members: fear of addiction and adverse effects of analgesics, especially opioids; reluctance to accept analgesic treatment.