Esophageal diseases include malignant diseases such as esophageal cancer as well as common benign diseases such as esophageal smooth muscle tumor, cardia loss delay, and esophageal hiatal hernia. Traditional surgical treatment requires open-chest or open-abdomen surgery, which is more traumatic. With the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques such as thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, the face of esophageal surgery is undergoing a fundamental change. At present, almost all benign esophageal diseases are treated with minimally invasive surgical techniques in advanced foreign units. Early and mid-stage esophageal tumors can also be treated with minimally invasive techniques. The clinical effect is the same as that of open surgery, and the quality of life of patients is greatly improved.