Pre-implantation testing indications 1. PGS (chromosomal abnormality testing) indications All couples treated with IVF embryo transfer, especially the following groups: couples with recurrent unexplained miscarriages couples with recurrent implantation failure women of advanced age couples with one partner as a translocation carrier men who are infertile couples who have had a child with a chromosomal disorder bcdef 2. PGD (monogenic disease testing/HLA mapping) Indications Couples with monogenic genetic disorders/carriers Couples with X-linked genetic disorders Families who provide stem cell transplantation for their first child by having a second child