Among infants and preschoolers, 5 to 10 percent have vision problems. Strabismus and amblyopia are found in 2 to 5 percent of children from infancy to age 7. Early detection of visual impairment provides the best opportunity for effective and less costly treatment. Also infants and children have immature visual systems and if visual impairments are not detected early and treated promptly, the eye will not provide clear images to the brain and permanent vision loss will result. Screening newborns for eye disease is about early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of certain treatable pediatric eye diseases. Many parents ask, “When is the best time to start screening for eye disease in our babies after birth?” We tell parents that eye disease screening for healthy babies can be done after 24 hours of birth because, within 24 hours of birth is the transition period for newborns to adapt to the outside environment, and after 24 hours of smooth transition after birth, eye disease screening can be done. In the case of high-risk infants, this should be done as soon as possible after the general condition has stabilized. Preterm infants should have their first eye screening at 32 weeks of corrected gestational age. Newborns should have an eye screening within 24 to 72 hours after birth, mainly to check whether the child is reactive to light and whether the eye is abnormal. In addition, children should be taken for eye disease screening and vision screening at full term, 42 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of age, and still need to be rechecked at subsequent ages.