Secretory otitis media (OME), also known as exudative otitis media, is a persistent accumulation of fluid in the middle ear that is not associated with symptoms of an acute ear infection. It is highly prevalent in young children, and studies show that approximately 90% of preschoolers have had secretory otitis media, with the vast majority occurring between the ages of 6 months and 4 years, with a high incidence in winter. At 1 year of age, more than 50% of children have had OME, and more than 60% by age 2. There is spontaneous resolution of many conditions within the first 3 months, but recurrence can occur in 30-40% of children, and symptoms may persist for 1 year or more in 5-10% of children. Eustachian tube malfunction may be an important cause of secretory otitis media. Eustachian tube obstruction, including adenoid hypertrophy, and prolonged nasal and sinus disease leading to eustachian tube dysfunction can lead to secretory otitis media. Infants with secretory otitis media may be irritable, scratch their ears, fail to respond to peripheral sounds, and not be able to orient themselves accurately toward the source of the sound. Young children may exhibit speech and language developmental disorders, have difficulty hearing clearly in low voices, demand loud noises when watching television, be reluctant to pay attention to others, have decreased academic performance, lack of concentration, and even mental retardation. However, some children are unable to express these phenomena on purpose, so parents need to keep an eye on them. Therefore, until the middle ear exudate is absorbed, especially in cases of bilateral middle ear effusion, it is important to choose interventions that optimize the child’s hearing and learning environment as much as possible, including: talking to the child at close range, facing the child head-on, pronouncing the words clearly, and repeating them when the child does not understand them or does not understand them. Repeat when the child does not understand, and sit at the front of the classroom. Children with OME should be followed up regularly during the 3-month observation period with regular endoscopy and tympanic chamber manometry. If the middle ear effusion continues to be unresolved after more than 3 months of conservative treatment, tympanotomy or tube placement should be considered to avoid permanent hearing loss and other complications due to the formation of adhesive otitis media.