In view of the increasing number of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice, some knowledge about the disease is now popularized as follows, in the hope that you can learn some general knowledge about the disease.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, a common clinical condition of gynecological endocrine diseases, accounts for about 5%-10% of women of reproductive age and 30%-60% of patients with anovulatory infertility. Its clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and not only affect the fertility of patients, but also increase the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors such as endometrial cancer due to the increase of estrogen levels.
Diagnosis of PCOS.
1. sporadic ovulation or anovulation.
2, clinical or biochemical manifestations of elevated androgen levels.
3. polycystic changes of the ovaries. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be made when two of the above criteria are met and other diseases that cause elevated androgen levels are excluded. The main clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome are: abnormal menstruation (scanty or amenorrhea), obesity, hirsutism, acne, infertility and acanthosis nigricans. It is often associated with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.
The endocrine features of PCOS are.
1. excess androgens.
2. excess estrone.
3. increased luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio.
4, excess insulin.
Ancillary tests.
1, Basal body temperature measurement (BBT).
2, Ultrasound examination.
3, endocrine measurement (including sex hormones, insulin, lactogen, etc.).
4.Diagnostic curettage.
5.Laparoscopy.
Treatment.
1. Lifestyle adjustment: especially for patients with obese polycystic ovary syndrome, controlling diet and increasing exercise to reduce weight and waist circumference can increase insulin sensitivity and lower insulin and androgen levels, thus restoring ovulation and fertility function.
2.Adjustment of menstrual cycle: Combined estrogen and progestin cycle therapy for 3-6 months can effectively improve hormone levels in the body, and also inhibit hair growth and treat acne.
3.Improve insulin resistance: Metformin can increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, correct the patient’s Kaohsiung state and improve the function of ovulation, thus improving the efficacy of ovulation promotion.
4.Ovulation induction: Those with fertility requirements can be given clomiphene or letrozole to induce ovulation on the basis of the above treatment, but they should be closely detected by ultrasound to beware of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
5.Surgical treatment, laparoscopic ovarian perforation or ovarian wedge resection can be considered if the above treatments are ineffective, but it is not commonly used nowadays due to its complications.
6. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, which can also be used in patients who have failed ovulation promotion.
Finally, it is important to note that polycystic ovary syndrome is also a self-healing disease. Especially in today’s increasingly stressful society, a well adjusted lifestyle, moderate exercise and good emotional regulation are also important factors in the positive healing of polycystic ovary syndrome.