Urolithiasis is a common disease in urology, the exact cause of which is still not clear in most patients, the incidence remains high, the recurrence rate is high after treatment, and the preventive measures are unsatisfactory. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the treatment of urolithiasis has been greatly enriched, and the methods commonly used in clinical practice include lithotripsy, lithotripsy, lithotripsy, lithotripsy (including minimally invasive endoscopic lithotripsy and lithotripsy by incision), etc. Chinese medicine occupies an important position in the treatment of urolithiasis, which not only saves some patients from surgical trauma and relieves their pain, but also has the characteristics of simple, effective, inexpensive, non-invasive and easy to accept, and is widely used in the treatment of clinical urolithiasis. The Department of Urology of Guang’anmen Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine has accumulated more than 40 years of experience in the treatment of urolithiasis with the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, and the related research has won the third prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. In Chinese medicine, urinary stone disease is called “stone shower”, and the main rule of treatment for this disease is to “promote dampness and lymphatic flow”, but for larger stones that have been retained in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter) for a long time, inflammatory adhesions or even full ureteral inflammation or periarthritis occur, and there are different degrees of obstruction. In case of fluid accumulation, it is difficult to move the stone by diuretic method, and strengthening diuresis will aggravate hydronephrosis and endanger kidney function. In the treatment of such cases, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, represented by Professor Liu You Fang, has established the treatment principle of “resolving stasis and softening hardness”, which has made a breakthrough. The research on the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of urolithiasis has revealed that certain Chinese herbal formulas and herbs have the effect of dissolving and preventing calcium oxalate stones, which is worthy of further study. In our department, the treatment of larger stones in the upper urinary tract with Huayu urinary stone soup showed stone fragmentation and discharge or gradual reduction of shadow and disappearance, accounting for 16.7% of all cases. Polarized light microscopic observation of stone thin sections of stones discharged by herbal treatment showed partial loss of phosphate, fragmentation of calcium oxalate crystal structure, rounding of granular crystals, and suppression of surface budding, which were significantly different from the control group of surgical stone extraction specimens. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is carried out rapidly in China, but there are complications such as damage to renal ureteral tissues and functions, intrarenal perirenal hematoma, hematuria, fever, infection, residual stones, ureteral stone street formation, etc. The simultaneous application of Chinese medicine treatment prescriptions such as resolving stasis and regulating qi, promoting lithotripsy and draining stones on the basis of extracorporeal lithotripsy is the advantage of combining Chinese and Western medicine to prevent and treat the comorbidities. Minimally invasive intracorporeal surgery is the main treatment for urolithiasis, but TCM is still an indispensable adjunctive treatment for postoperative stone removal and reducing complications. Chinese medicine treatment can significantly improve the subjective symptoms of patients after surgery, promote the improvement or return to normal function of the affected kidney, and reduce the surgical complications such as postoperative fever and ureteral stricture, which have achieved satisfactory results. Due to the continuous maturation of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment and the continuous advancement of minimally invasive technology, the treatment of urinary stones is no longer a very difficult problem, and many clinical problems have been solved, but some new problems have arisen, and strengthening the synergistic treatment of Chinese medicine can significantly improve the efficacy. 1, as a synergistic treatment for minimally invasive surgery: Minimally invasive surgery is currently the main treatment for urolithiasis, but Chinese medicine is still an indispensable adjunctive treatment in the discharge of residual stones after surgery and in reducing complications. Minimally invasive surgery is accompanied by urinary tract injury and residual microstones. Traditional Chinese medicine can play an important role at this stage, as it can promote healing of the damaged urinary tract mucosa and remove residual microstones to accelerate disease healing and reduce the chance of recurrence. 2, treatment of stone obstructive kidney damage: stone obstructive kidney damage is a common clinical condition but is not paid much attention to, in fact, this complication has a great impact on the patient, Chinese medicine has its advantages in reducing hydronephrosis and preventing kidney damage, it has been confirmed that blood-stasis activating drugs such as Danshen, Chuanxiong, etc. and kidney tonic drugs such as chasteberry, codonopsis, bone marrow, etc. have a protective effect on obstructive kidney damage. Our department has confirmed that Huayuhuahua and Xiehuodu Tang have significant protective and restorative effects on obstructive kidney damage in rats. 3. Exploration in stone dissolution: there is evidence that some Chinese medicines have shown promising signs in stone dissolution. 4.Strengthen the prevention of recurrence of urinary stones: recurrence of urinary stones is a difficult problem in clinical treatment, and how to reduce recurrence should be the focus of future research. Chinese medicine has its experience and advantages in the prevention of stone recurrence, and should be strengthened in the future to explore more deeply in this area. 5, Chinese medicine has advantages in the treatment and prevention of stone urinary tract infection. Based on the active development of Chinese medicine to prevent and treat urolithiasis, our department has been paying attention to keep up with the progress of modern medicine in the treatment of urolithiasis, and has nearly 20 years of experience in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and has newly replaced a new generation of lithotripter with better performance. In recent years, we have also acquired the international leading Swiss EMS system, and carry out minimally invasive surgery, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy and transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy for patients who are not suitable for conservative treatment, and perform stone analysis to clarify the cause as much as possible. Chinese medicine has its advantages in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis, however, due to the limitations of the ancient people by the level of philosophical understanding at that time, the diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases by Chinese medicine will inevitably be somewhat subjective and one-sided. Today, with the rapid development of modern science, the application of modern scientific knowledge, technology and methods has led to the modernization of TCM and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and the formation and establishment of a new medical system with Chinese characteristics. Use modern basic science theories and research methods to reveal the connotation of TCM theories. The use of modern scientific and technological means combined with traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat urolithiasis will surely lead to new breakthroughs and progress in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.