I. History, status quo and development direction of treatment of herniated disc (I) Limitations of traditional technology Before the emergence of interventional disc therapy, open surgery was the only effective means of treating severe disc herniation, and interventional therapy introduced the concept of minimally invasive disc herniation treatment. The currently available interventional methods include collagenase lysis, percutaneous excision and suction, laser vaporization (PLDD), plasma pulpal nucleoplasty, ozone, and radiofrequency ablation. However, all the above methods are indirect decompression, only for some cases of inclusive protrusion, and cannot completely remove the diseased nucleus pulposus, especially the tissue compressing the nerve, and cannot repair the broken fiber ring, and the necrotic tissue needs to be absorbed by the body naturally, which is long, painful and has a high recurrence rate. The posterior discoscopy developed in the mid-1990s has advanced the concept of minimally invasive surgery. The majority of orthopedic surgeons gradually realized that with the emergence of new technologies and materials, minimally invasive technology is the direction of development of surgery. However, the surgical approach and treatment process of posterior discoscopy (MED) are consistent with small incision open surgery, which involves opening the lamina, stripping the muscles and ligaments, interfering with the spinal canal and pulling the nerves (to a lesser extent than open surgery); it is easy to cause intraoperative bleeding, interfere with the visual field and increase the risk; it cannot be applied to the treatment of extreme lateral herniation and discogenic pain; and the postoperative scar tissue is easy to cause spinal canal and nerve Adhesions. In 1998, Dr. Anthony Yeung (President of American Minimally Invasive Surgery) pioneered the YESS technique; in 2002, Professor Hoogland (former President of European Minimally Invasive Surgery) proposed the THESSYS technique based on the YESS technique, which made the intervertebral foraminoscopy technique mature; the team of Dr. Sang-Ho Lee (current President of Asian Minimally Invasive Surgery) in Korea The team of Dr. Sang-Ho Lee (current chairman of Asian Minimally Invasive Surgery) in Korea has completed more than 5,000 surgeries so far; Chang Gung and Rong General Hospital in Taiwan have reported a total of 1,500 cases; Beijing 306 Hospital was the first to introduce this technology in China, and under the continuous exploration and promotion of a large number of well-known experts and scholars in China, such as Professor Zhou Yue of Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University and Professor Zhang Xifeng of the PLA General Hospital, the intervertebral foraminoscopy technology has been developed significantly and has attracted more and more attention from domestic orthopedic colleagues. It has attracted the great attention of domestic orthopedic colleagues. With the continuous development of new materials and technologies, this technology has a very attractive and broad development prospect. The emergence of “intervertebral foraminoscopy” has overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technology and pushed the minimally invasive treatment of disc herniation to a whole new level, which is the most minimally invasive, safe and economical technology at present; at the same time, this technology is still developing rapidly and has been extensively applied to artificial disc and artificial nucleus pulposus replacement, intervertebral foraminoscopic fusion and percutaneous technique. The clinical efficacy and academic value of this technique have attracted more and more orthopedic surgeons to focus on the expansion of this technique. (B) Introduction of intervertebral foraminoscopy technique In cases of simple disc herniation and partial prolapse, the In-Out technique is used to enter the disc through the safety triangle, remove the diseased nucleus pulposus and then retreat outside the foramen to remove the prolapsed fragments; in cases of central type herniation and compression of the spinal canal beyond the superior articular eminence line, the distal lateral horizontal approach is used to directly remove the herniated tissue; in cases of free type, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, calcification, spinal canal In cases of free type, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, calcification, spinal canal stenosis, neural foramen stenosis, etc., an intravertebral foramen approach is used, which can remove various diseased soft tissues and clean up the bone; the spine surgeon is familiar with posterior surgery, so intervertebral plate approach can also be used in some cases, which is similar to MED, but the opening is smaller and the interference with the spinal canal and nerves is lighter. (C), summary of the advantages of intervertebral foraminoscopy technology 1, minimally invasive Through the lateral approach to reach the target area, to avoid the interference of the traditional posterior surgery on the spinal canal and nerves, without biting off the vertebral plate, without destroying the paravertebral muscles and ligaments, no impact on the stability of the spine. 2.Direct purpose The surgical effect is consistent with the gold standard of disc surgery – microscopic discectomy; 3.Wide indications Can deal with almost all types of disc herniation, some spinal stenosis, foraminal stenosis, calcification and other bony lesions. It can treat discogenic pain by using special radiofrequency electrodes under the scope, which can shape the fiber ring and block the annular nerve branches. 4.Low complications Small trauma, low chance of forming thrombosis and infection; no scar left at the posterior important structures after surgery, causing adhesions of the spinal canal and nerves. 5, high safety local anesthesia, intraoperative interaction with the patient, without injury to nerves and blood vessels; basically no bleeding, clear surgical field of vision, greatly reducing the risk of misuse; 6, fast recovery The next day after surgery can be down to the ground, the average of 3-6 weeks to resume normal work and physical exercise. 7.High patient satisfaction Immediate pain relief, self-care of urine and stool, simple care, oral antibiotics can be, feasible outpatient surgery; skin incision is only 7mm, in line with the aesthetic point of view. 8.Wide extension Combined with percutaneous fixation technology, the fusion and fixation of spinal slippage and instability can be completed in a minimally invasive manner; this basic platform can be easily extended to cervical disc endoscopic surgery.