The key to successful epilepsy surgery is the localization of the surgical target area or target point, so the accurate localization and assessment of the epileptogenic foci and the electrical conduction of epilepsy is extremely important. However, there are still some difficulties in the accurate localization of epileptogenic foci: 1) difficulty in localizing deep brain epileptogenic foci; 2) extensive epileptogenic foci appearing bilaterally in the cerebral hemispheres at the same time, and the distinction between epileptogenic and mirror foci; 3) multiple epileptogenic foci; 4) epileptogenic foci confined to one hemisphere without focal organic brain damage; 5) the relationship between the extent of epileptogenic foci and functional areas. The precise anatomical and functional localization of epileptogenic foci has always been the most important research direction in the field of epilepsy. Due to the unique electrophysiological properties of the epileptogenic foci, abnormal discharges in the local lobes can be rapidly transmitted to the adjacent lobes, while discharges in the cerebral hemispheres can be transmitted to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere via the hippocampal association or corpus callosum, forming mirror foci. The abnormal brain waves issued by the epileptogenic foci in one cerebral hemisphere take 20 ms to transmit through the corpus callosum to the contralateral side and cause similar brain waves, so it is difficult to distinguish the mirror foci from the real epileptogenic foci recorded by EEG. In contrast, the site of the lesion shown by imaging would not be consistent with the site of the epileptogenic focus. Studies have shown that there are “microscopic lesions” in the brain that are difficult to identify with CT, MRI, or the naked eye, and that gliosis, glial cell degeneration, or glial cell dysplasia are the most common types of lesions. These microscopic foci are difficult to detect on imaging and EEG today. If the epileptogenic focus is close to important functional areas, accurate localization is very important, because the location of important functional areas is usually affected by the proximity or location of the epileptogenic focus in the cortex, due to the invasion and compression of the cortical functional areas, abnormal development of the cerebral cortex, variation and functional remodeling of the cortical structures, and functional drift of the brain’s own regulation. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the relationship between the epileptogenic focus and functional areas before surgery. Therefore, the precise localization of epileptogenic foci and functional areas has always been a difficult task in epilepsy surgery and a hot issue in the field of epilepsy.