I. Casualty handling
The purpose of handling is to make the casualty quickly out of danger, to prevent re-injury, immediately sent to the first aid station or designated hospital, in order to further treatment in a timely manner. However, handling may cause further injury and aggravate the injury, so when handling should pay attention to whether the fracture is fixed, which method to take, what transport tools.
Commonly used various handling methods.
1, single person handling: generally use resistance, back, hold, etc.. Can also be placed on a hard board or stretcher and fixed after dragging the casualty.
2, two people carrying: unarmed transport available sedan or chair transport method. If there is a stretcher or a simple stretcher, can be carried by two people carrying a stretcher.
3, spinal fracture casualty handling: fracture of the vertebrae easily damage the spinal cord, can not move and weight-bearing. The action is consistent to lift the casualty, flat on a hard board or door stretcher. Never move inconsistently with one person holding the head and one person holding the feet. If the casualty is a cervical fracture, there should be a person to traction and fix the head, then carry the casualty flat according to the spine, slightly cushion the neck and shoulders, and fix the neck and head to prevent head and neck twisting and forward bending. When the patient has thoracic and lumbar fractures, the patient should be placed in a prone position with the chest slightly padded.
4, pelvic fracture casualty transport method: take the casualty supine position, the two hip and knee joints are semi-bending flexion position, N under the pad with clothing or bedding volume, two lower limbs slightly abducted to reduce pain.
Handling precautions.
1, handling movements should be light, rapid, minimize vibration and bumps;
2, transport should be done before the initial first aid treatment of the injured, generally to stop bleeding, bandaging, fixation, and then transport;
3, transport process at any time to observe the patient’s injury changes, timely processing.
Second, the transfer of casualties
After the scene rescue and preliminary treatment, in order to get further treatment in time, must be quickly transferred to the nearest medical unit. Transfer to consider whether the condition allows transfer, how to transfer, what should be noted on the way and the handling of changes in the process of transfer.
1. Tools for transfer.
Requires rapid and smooth transfer of tools, commonly used tools are ambulances, helicopters, trains, ships, etc., should be equipped with facilities for resuscitation and treatment when the condition changes midway, such as first aid kits, infusion and intravenous injection items. Developed countries use helicopters to transfer the wounded, that is, smooth and rapid, to improve the rescue rate, reduce the disability rate is of great significance.
2.Treatment during transfer.
For those who have shock phenomenon, severe burns, obvious digestive system dysfunction, should be midway infusion treatment; non-traumatic angina and myocardial infarction, should be intravenous continuous drip nitroglycerin and heparin, if necessary, start using intravenous thrombolytic drugs; poisoned patients should be applied as soon as possible detoxification drugs, such as organophosphorus pesticide poisoning intravenous atropine, static drip dephosphoridine, etc.; blood loss is more, the transfer can be rapid at the same time If more blood is lost, plasma substitute products can be applied intravenously at the same time.
3, other precautions.
1.Prevent freezing in winter and heat in summer, avoid contamination of wounds;
2.Analgesics can be given;
3. The airway of comatose patients should be kept unobstructed, and respiration, blood pressure, and the presence of hypoxia should be closely observed;
4.Critically ill patients should be routinely administered oxygen;
5.Patients with tourniquets should be loosened on time and explained clearly to the medical staff receiving the patient.