Erectile dysfunction (ED), commonly known as “impotence,” is defined as the inability of the penis to achieve or maintain erectile hardness sufficient for vaginal penetration during long-term, repeated attempts at sexual intercourse to complete a satisfactory sexual life. The incidence of impotence gradually increases with age, with the incidence of impotence exceeding 50% in adult men over the age of 40. It is now initially divided into three main categories: psychological, organic, and mixed. Previously, there was a limited understanding of this disease and it was thought that most of them were psychological in nature. However, with the improvement of the national demand for quality of life and the liberation of the concept, current clinical studies have found that most patients are actually organic or mixed impotence, and there is a gradual decline in the age of impotence patients. The international gold standard for distinguishing psychological and organic impotence is the nocturnal penile erectile distension test (NPT: Rigiscan method), and the best method for impotence diagnosis as the degree of erectile dysfunction can be obtained objectively. Erection of the penis is essentially the process of filling the vascular sinuses of the cavernous body of the penis with blood achieved by the regulation and control of the neuroendocrine system under various internal and external stimuli. In other words, any problem with any part of this process can cause erection problems (insufficient for erectile dysfunction and excessive for persistent abnormal penile erection). Impotence is usually associated with cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, androgen deficiency, hyperprolactinemia, hyperestrogenemia, obesity, chronic heavy smoking, alcohol abuse, and lack of exercise. In particular, it is closely related to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Generally speaking, those who have symptoms of impotence can conclude that the patient has endothelial dysfunction of the cavernous body of the penis, so impotence is an early warning indication of coronary heart disease and can prevent and treat coronary heart disease 2 to 3 years earlier (the vascular sinus of the cavernous body of the penis is the terminal fine blood vessel, and the lesion appears much earlier). At present, except for psychological impotence with acute onset in extremely young men, a complete cure can be achieved with simple short-term (within 2 weeks) medication. Most impotence is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment, even lifelong medication or physical therapy. Even if mild impotence can be relieved for a longer period of time by taking medication for more than 3 months, it can reoccur or even worsen within 1 year if the disease base and poor lifestyle habits are not improved and corrected. Current treatments include PDE5i (Viagra, Cialis, Elidel, etc.), Chinese herbal medicines (blood activation, kidney aphrodisiac, etc.), physical therapy (vacuum negative pressure suction, low intensity extracorporeal shock wave), cavernous vascular drug injections (poppies, phentolamine, prostilol), and surgical procedures (arterial anastomosis, dorsal deep penile vein encapsulation/ligation, penile prosthesis implantation). Recent studies conducted on stem cell transplantation for impotence have shown that it can provide long-term, less invasive, overall improvement in the symptoms and even the causes of impotence, and our hospital is one of the few research units in China that can perform stem cell transplantation for impotence. The relationship with prostate disease is less clear, although about one-third of those who suffer from impotence are accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgent urination, and nocturia. Although prostate disease does not necessarily cause impotence, poor contractile function of the pelvic floor muscles due to prostate disease can significantly reduce the hardness of the spongy erection, so it is often necessary to treat prostatitis upfront to improve and control pelvic muscle function, and then to provide regular, adequate, effective, combined, long-term treatment for impotence. If combined with other chronic underlying diseases, symptomatic treatment is required along with treatment of the underlying disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, androgen deficiency, etc.).