Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a disease in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to at least rifampin and isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is dangerous, difficult and complicated to diagnose and difficult to treat, and often delays treatment of the disease, which can gradually progress and lead to destruction of lung tissue and even distant dissemination. The prognosis is poor, and serious sequelae can occur, such as the formation of necrotic lung cavities, hemoptysis, destruction of the lung, and dissemination of tuberculosis in the cranium, digestive system, and bone. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have tuberculosis excretion status, which is highly contagious and has a long transmission cycle, leading to the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria. In addition, because Mycobacterium tuberculosis is multi-drug resistant and treatment requires multiple second-line drugs and advanced drug therapy, treatment costs are high and long-term multi-drug use can easily lead to the occurrence of drug side effects. Some patients end up clinically dead due to ineffective anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, so early detection and standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is necessary.