Renal cysts are a more common abnormal structural change of kidney tissue, appearing on the surface of the kidney as blister-like, fluid-containing cysts, and some cysts may contain solid debris. Cystic lesions can occur in the cortical, medullary or pararenal tissues of the kidney. Cysts can be solitary or multiple and can develop in one kidney or on both sides at the same time, or cystic lesions can coexist in other organs at the same time. Renal cysts can be caused by a variety of etiologies and can be congenital or acquired. It is usually believed that there is a direct link between renal cysts and the distal collecting ducts or diverticula of the kidney, and that urinary obstruction and degenerative changes in the tubular basement membrane are also predisposing factors. Simple renal cysts hardly affect renal function and no special treatment is needed for patients with asymptomatic and uncomplicated simple renal cysts. Patients with renal cysts with symptoms such as pain, urinary tract obstruction, infection and bleeding, with the possibility of rupture or already ruptured need timely surgical treatment. In clinical practice, surgery is generally recommended for cysts >5cm in diameter. Usually, kidney cysts are treated by puncture sclerotherapy, in which a fine needle is used to puncture into the cyst to suck out the cystic fluid under the localization guidance of ultrasound, and then inject sclerosing agent to prevent the recurrence of cysts. Generally sclerosing agent selects 95% ethanol, the sclerosing agent acts on the epithelial cells of renal cyst wall, affecting the amino acid transport of the cells as well as the abnormal ion pump, leading to the apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the cyst, losing the cyst fluid secretion function, reducing the cyst fluid exudation, and the cyst is then reduced, relieving the symptoms of renal cyst. At present, the cyst puncture method is being used less and less clinically because of the high recurrence rate.