Within the indications for surgery, surgery is the primary and most effective treatment modality for thyroid cancer. Traditional thyroxine suppression therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and newer targeted therapy and radiofrequency ablation are effective in treating thyroid cancer, but cannot replace surgery as the primary treatment modality. If patients do not take active treatment, they may develop corresponding clinical symptoms and risks through local invasion, lymph node metastasis in the neck, and distant metastasis of systemic organs.1. Local invasion: Invasion of unilateral nerves will cause hoarseness and choking, invasion of bilateral nerves will cause closure of the vocal cords or even asphyxia, invasion or compression of the esophagus will cause difficulty in swallowing or even inability to eat, invasion or compression of the trachea will cause shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing or even asphyxia, and invasion of the cervical nerves will cause difficulty in breathing or even asphyxia. Invasion or compression of the trachea will cause shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing and even asphyxia; invasion of blood vessels in the neck will cause hemorrhage and intravascular cancer thrombus, which may then be dislodged to produce brain infarction, heart infarction or lung infarction, etc.; 2. Bone metastases may show symptoms such as bone pain and bone destruction; brain metastases may show brain hemorrhage or paralysis; liver metastases may show local pain, liver insufficiency or even liver failure. For some of the eligible low-risk microscopic papillary thyroid cancer, regular review can be conducted in 3-6 months, and most of them will not affect their life expectancy even without surgery and other treatments.