The exact etiology of aortic coarctation is not completely clear, and can usually be categorized into congenital and acquired factors. The most important risk factor for aortic coarctation is high blood pressure. About 65-75% of patients with aortic coarctation have high blood pressure, and most of them have poor blood pressure control. High fluctuation of blood pressure is also an important factor in the development of aortic coarctation. In addition, atherosclerosis and aging are important factors in aortic coarctation. Congenital factors include Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dystocia and congenital aortic constriction. Medically induced injuries are mainly seen in intra-aortic contrast injections that inadvertently injure the lining of the vessel, and heart valve surgery and aortic surgery may also lead to aortic coarctation. Aortic coarctation is a critical emergency, if not treated in time, the mortality rate is extremely high, so once suspicious symptoms appear, we should consult a doctor in time, and actively diagnose and treat the disease to avoid delaying the condition.