What kind of people are prone to coronary heart disease?

  This is an old topic and the most difficult question to answer. I often meet patients who have stents and ask me, “I don’t smoke, I don’t drink, and I rarely go out to socialize, why do I have coronary heart disease? I can only laugh and say, “Maybe it’s a genetic problem!”  About the problem of genes, medical science has not yet clearly found the causative gene of coronary heart disease, and it is not possible to change the treatment for the gene, at present we can only within the existing knowledge, the high risk group of coronary heart disease is divided.  What kind of people are susceptible to coronary heart disease?  First of all, gender, women rarely suffer from serious coronary heart disease before menopause because of the cardiovascular protective effect of estrogen, unless there are clear other causes. We have treated a case of myocardial infarction in a pregnant woman around 30 years old, tracing the history of the disease because of long-term consumption of high-fat goat milk, ghee tea, etc. In addition, we have also encountered cases of young women taking diet pills that lead to coronary heart disease; and men as a high-risk group for coronary heart disease. We have admitted patients with myocardial infarction at the age of 18 in the monitoring room, and it is not uncommon to have coronary heart disease at the age of 30, which is the difference of gender; Second, age, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, which is a degenerative change in old age, with the growth of age, atherosclerosis will gradually aggravate, just like long wrinkles, age is a crucial factor, and irreversible; Third, smoking, which is more significant risk factors for early onset coronary heart disease. Nicotine induces repeated contraction of the vascular endothelium, resulting in endothelial damage, greatly accelerating the process of atherosclerosis, is a controllable risk factor for coronary heart disease.  Fourth, is the mental stress, long-term high workload and easily excited angry temper, is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease. We have admitted a case of acute myocardial infarction at the age of 18 in our care unit, and after careful questioning of his medical history, we found that he had two characteristics: 1. smoking, 2 packs per day; 2. staying up late for a long time. Almost all of the early-onset coronary heart disease groups we admit have these two risk factors or one of them, which are controllable risk factors and must be given high priority.  Fifth, is the “three high”, namely hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia (diabetes), which is known to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease, but also three chronic diseases, the importance of long-term control, their harm is slow, comprehensive, often take decades to develop, so can not attract the attention of some patients, but once the disease is committed, are complex, multi-systemic and difficult disease. The, multi-system disease, such as coronary heart disease combined with renal insufficiency, cerebral atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis, etc.; Sixth, is obesity, especially young people, metabolic syndrome as a centralized representative, manifested as abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, etc., mainly in the diet, lifestyle, weight loss is an effective means of circumventing this risk factor; Seventh, is a poor lifestyle. Sedentary, lack of exercise. The most typical example is that we have admitted a group of patients with myocardial infarction, all of whom are drivers, such as cab drivers, truck drivers, etc. Their common habit is to drive for a long time, lack of exercise, and often the first symptoms are myocardial infarction. Abandonment of poor lifestyle is a major means of preventing coronary heart disease.  Eight, is a genetic factor, the specific mechanism in the current is not clear. Studies have shown a high incidence of coronary heart disease in patients with a family history of early onset coronary heart disease (<50 years). Another hereditary disease that deserves attention is familial hypercholesterolemia. We often admit some very thin old ladies with severe coronary heart disease and no other risk factors, only that the blood cholesterol and LDL are found to be high on examination, and their children are instructed to have their blood lipids checked and are found to be generally high, so familial hypercholesterolemia requires early detection and treatment. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia are: total cholesterol >8 mmol/L and combined lipoma formation (often at the medial canthus).  In addition, in addition to the risk factors mentioned above, factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, viral and chlamydial infections, etc. are also included. We fully understand the risk factors of coronary heart disease in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease.  Of course, atherosclerosis is a process of normal progression of organisms, which starts to develop from infancy, just as we will grow old and wrinkled, unstoppable, difficult to reverse, and not terrible, all we have to do is to prevent this progression from developing rapidly and avoid serious blockage of blood vessels!