Precise temperature control to kill malignant tumors in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Aunt Yun, 50, was diagnosed with early endometrial cancer in the hospital after she developed significant abdominal pain a year and a half ago, and underwent “total excision of uterine adnexa + left pelvic lymph node dissection”. Last month, she felt bloated and went to the hospital for review, and found that the tumor had metastasized extensively in the abdominal cavity and there was also fluid accumulation, so she was referred to the Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University to seek abdominal thermal perfusion chemotherapy. After admission, Aunt Yun received thermal perfusion chemotherapy once every other day. After completing 3 treatments, her tumor antigen index dropped significantly and ascites disappeared, and she was discharged immediately. Body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy has a history of 30 years, but the previous abdominal thermal perfusion chemotherapy is not precise enough to control temperature, with an error of up to ±2℃, and patient safety is not guaranteed, thus it has not been promoted. The normal tissues can tolerate more than 1 hour at 47℃, while the malignant tumor cells can tolerate only 43℃. Tumor thermotherapy precisely takes advantage of the principle that tumor tissues are sensitive to high heat and slow to dissipate heat, and kills cancer cells with high heat without damaging normal cells. As one of the most precise methods of tumor thermal therapy, body cavity thermal perfusion combines heat and chemotherapy drugs to deepen the penetration depth of drugs from 1-2mm to 5-8mm, thus achieving the effect of anti-cancer. For body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy, temperature control is the key to ensure the effectiveness and safety. The higher the thermostatic temperature of the body cavity, the better the therapeutic effect, but too high a therapeutic temperature can cause irreversible thermal damage to the body or even endanger life. With this in mind, Shuzhong Cui led his team to overcome this bottleneck and achieve precise temperature control, precise positioning and precise removal of thermal chemotherapy technology. This patented technology passed the State Food and Drug Administration’s product technical review in December 2009 and obtained the product registration certificate. The current technology allows the temperature of thermal perfusion to be stabilized at 43℃±0.1℃. In addition, the mechanical flushing and volume removal of the large-capacity perfusion fluid also achieves continuous control of the constant temperature of the perfusion fluid for treatment, so that the treatment is uninterrupted, leaving no blind spot for treatment and killing the implanted lesions and free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity as much as possible. Treatment of thoracoabdominal malignant tumors It is understood that clinically, body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy is performed through ultrasound guidance, laparoscopy and open surgery followed by tube placement, heating chemotherapeutic drugs mixed with large volume perfusion fluid and continuously circulating thermostatic perfusion into the patient’s body cavity and maintaining it for about one hour. For tumor peritoneal implantation metastasis (peritoneal cancer) that has already occurred, the places that thermal chemotherapeutic drugs can reach include the peritoneal, pleural, and bladder mucosal surfaces in the body cavity, as well as all organ surfaces, to play a large-capacity tumor-reducing role and enhance the body’s own level of anti-cancer genes. When tumor penetrates the plasma membrane surface and spreads into the abdominal cavity, but no distant metastasis or extensive implantation metastasis in the body cavity, middle and late stage patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. are actually not yet in the most advanced stage, “such patients have the greatest treatment significance, and after timely treatment, it is possible to achieve clinical cure.” For patients with early to mid-stage tumors, prophylactic body cavity thermal perfusion therapy is of great significance. In 2012, the former Ministry of Health included this technique in the clinical pathway of gastric cancer after radical surgery. Thoraco-abdominal fluid is a common complication of mid- to late-stage tumors. Once cancer cells metastasize and spread in the abdominal-thoracic cavity, they will scatter everywhere like sand and stimulate the production of large amounts of thoracic fluid or ascites. Malignant thoracoabdominal fluid is very difficult to control, even with multiple punctures and intracavitary chemotherapy, the fluid will “come back” in a short period of time, and at the same time, due to multiple pumping and chemotherapy, patients will lose a lot of protein in their body, which will lead to premature death due to nutritional failure. For this situation, body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy can more effectively flush out the free cancer cells and block the generation of thoracoabdominal fluid from the source, with an efficiency of more than 90%. For example, a 42-year-old lung cancer patient with massive pleural fluid and difficulty in breathing soon after surgery was found to have about 4,000 ml of bloody pleural fluid in his chest cavity with metastatic cancer cells in the whole chest cavity by thoracoscopy. Cui Shuzhong gave the patient a week of heat-infusion chemotherapy, and soon the pleural fluid was gone and the microscopic cancer foci of implantation and metastasis were much reduced. In addition, peritoneal pseudomucinous tumor was particularly rare and tricky. The patient’s stomach was full of mucus like “jelly”, so there was no place to operate, and even if it was barely removed, it would recur soon. The survival rate is increased by 50%. In patients with hepatic, renal, cardiopulmonary insufficiency Since the development of body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy in 2006, it has been widely used for common malignant tumors in the body cavity, such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, peritoneal pseudomucinous tumor, ovarian cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma in the abdominal cavity, lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma in the thoracic cavity, and superficial bladder cancer with recurrent recurrence in the bladder. Clinically, this technique can improve the 5-year survival rate of patients with progressive gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. by 10%-15%. For patients with stage II or above tumors, thoracic and abdominal malignancies are indications for thermal perfusion chemotherapy as long as their conditions allow and tolerate it. Compared with systemic chemotherapy, body cavity thermal perfusion chemotherapy targeting local area has less toxic side effects, higher drug concentration and better therapeutic effect, which greatly reduces patients’ pain. However, there are also strict contraindications to intraperitoneal thermal perfusion chemotherapy: patients with end-stage malignant disease, severe coagulation disorders, hepatic and renal insufficiency, low cardiopulmonary function and intestinal obstruction and severe intestinal adhesions should not receive such treatment.