Diet is one of the important elements to maintain the ideal life of tumor patients, we should not only pay attention to drug treatment, but also to diet. It is generally believed that 75% to 90% of tumors are caused by environmental factors, and the environment can affect the quality and quantity of food and nutrients, which can cause or inhibit the occurrence of cancer. More than 50% of cancer mortality among women and 30% of cancer mortality among men may be related to nutrients. In the United States, 60% of cancers in women and 40% of cancers in men have food-related causes. In China, tumors directly related to diet include stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, intestinal cancer and breast cancer, and the mortality rate of the above cancers accounts for about 45% of all malignant tumors. The amount of food fat in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai has exceeded 30% of total calories, and the incidence of cancers related to this, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer, has increased significantly, which has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, cancer patients often ask their doctors what foods to avoid, what are the “hairy” foods, what are the appropriate foods to eat, and what to pay attention to when they visit hospitals. The following will answer these questions one by one: What is “hairy food”? ① Food that can induce tumors and other diseases; ② Food that can aggravate the development of tumors and other diseases; ③ Food that can promote the recurrence and metastasis of tumors and other old diseases, collectively known as “hairy food”. In the past, the “hairy food” was considered by the folk as the following categories: ① refers to the food that can easily grow abscesses, swell boils or cause certain lesions, such as mutton, beef, rooster, goose, crab, etc. ② are foods that can cause the recurrence of old diseases and aggravation of new diseases, including fishy foods such as sea fish, mutton, dog meat, etc. ③ spicy food such as onions, garlic, leeks, chili peppers, wine, pork, etc. ④ There is a special category of food, because of the pictogram hair is also classified as “hair” category, such as: mushrooms, bamboo shoots, lettuce, etc.. These contents are only for general diseases, but not for malignant tumors, nor are they reasonable and scientific. The so-called “no food” or “no mouth”? It means to avoid or reduce the food that induce disease and aggravate the development of disease as much as possible. But not a complete, absolute abstinence from certain foods, sometimes in order to regulate appetite or supplement nutrition, can also occasionally eat a small amount. The scope of “hairy food” can not be arbitrarily expanded, and some even cauliflower, radish, tea, beef, fish and other foods are classified as “hairy food” range, so that the patient “open mouth will be wrong “The result is “choking on food”, resulting in malnutrition. How to “avoid food”? 1, according to the diagnosis and treatment, avoid certain foods The diagnosis and treatment is a major feature of Chinese medicine treatment, Chinese medicine diagnosis to distinguish the disease of yin and Yang, the surface, deficiency, hot and cold, gas and blood, such as strength; wind, cold, heat, humidity, dryness, fire and other pathological changes; the function of the internal organs and disease sites and other pathological changes. According to these changes, certain foods should be prohibited, such as cold food for the evidence of yin-cold, such as snapper, turtle, loach, crab, etc.; such as damp-heat evidence should not eat spicy hot food, such as chili, onion, ginger, leek, etc. According to the different types of patients, different foods can also be used for treatment, for example, ① Qi and blood deficiency type, it is appropriate to take food to support the root, can choose: jujube, yam, snapper, kiwi, coix seed, white lentils, cordyceps, ginseng, ginseng, astragalus, wolfberry, mulberry, etc. Food therapy formula: coix seed porridge, duck meat snapper soup, duck stewed with wormwood, ginseng dates drink, etc.; ② spleen and stomach deficiency type, can choose: ginger, orange peel, bamboo rhizome, pomelo, jujube, yam, etc. Food therapy formula: sand lotus root powder soup, orange drink, ginger jujube soup, ginger sugar tea, spleen cake, etc.; ③ Yin and fluid deficiency type, can choose: lily, silver fungus, pear juice, water chestnut, mulberry, snapper, pork, maitake, yu zhu, yellow essence, etc. Food therapy recipes: Five Juice Drink, Sha Shen Mai Dong Porridge, Yu Zhu Wu Chicken Soup, Huang Jing Porridge, Sheng Di Huang Porridge, etc.; ④ Qi stagnation and blood stasis type, can choose: Hawthorn, black fungus, eggplant, cicely mushroom, peach kernel, angelica, etc. Food therapy formula: hawthorn and brown sugar drink, double ear soup, peach kernel congee, egg boiled in lotus root juice, steamed chicken with panax ginseng, etc. 2.According to different tumor diseases, certain diets should be avoided. Various tumors have different pathogenic causes, and necessarily have different contraindications. Now the common tumor diet taboos are broadly divided as follows. (1) Brain tumor: avoid smoking, alcohol, coffee, pickled food, moldy food, high fat food, animal head, neck and tail. The diet should be fresh and light, rich in nutrients, vitamins, fruits and vegetables. (2) Nasopharyngeal cancer: avoid smoking, alcohol, pickled and preserved foods, moldy foods, fried foods, raw garlic and pepper and other irritating foods. Fresh and light diet, fruits and vegetables, vitamin C, B, E and other foods are recommended. (3) Oral cancer: Do not smoke, smoke backwards, chew tobacco, chew betel nut. Avoid alcohol abuse, spicy stimulation, raw garlic and pepper, pickled food and moldy food. Avoid bad hygiene habits, chronic oral and dental diseases, placement of bad dentures. Eat fresh and light, rich in nutrients, vitamins, fruits and vegetables. (4) Lung cancer: Avoid smoking, alcohol, stale food, moldy food, salty food and food containing additives. Diet should be rich in nutrition, vitamin-rich foods, and more nut and bean shell foods such as walnuts and red dates. (5) Breast cancer: Avoid foods containing estrogen or foods that can be converted into estrogen (such as royal jelly), high-fat diet, fried foods, animal fat, animal offal, crab roe, animal head, neck and tail, high-sugar diet, tobacco, alcohol, foods containing additives, preserved foods, moldy foods, etc. The diet should be fresh and light, coarse and fine, fruits and vegetables, rich in vitamins, and calcium-rich foods. Calcium-rich foods are especially important for menopausal women. Recently, the LACE study showed that drinking alcohol 3 to 4 times a week may increase the risk of recurrence of early-stage breast cancer in women by 34%. (6) Esophageal cancer: Avoid smoking, alcohol, foods containing nitrosamines (such as pickled foods, smoked foods, moldy foods, fried foods, etc.), stale foods, hard and coarse foods, hot or cold foods, raw garlic, pepper and other irritating foods, over-full eating, fast eating and overeating. It is better to eat slowly, at appropriate temperature, soft and light, nutritious and vitamin-rich food. (7) Stomach cancer: Avoid smoking, alcohol, nitrosamines (such as pickled food, smoked food, moldy food, fried food, etc.), high-salt food, fire-baked food, rough food, too sour and sweet food, old food, pepper and pepper and other irritating food, and avoid over-full and rapid eating. The diet should be moderate, digestible, nutritious and vitamin-rich, with more pasta and fewer meals. (8) Bowel cancer: avoid high-fat diet, high-protein diet, low-fiber fine food, preserved food, moldy food, animal fat, animal offal, animal head, neck and tail, crab roe, animal fat, fried food, high-salt food, barbecue and smoked food, avoid alcohol, avoid overeating. Diet should be light and fresh, digestible, rich in fiber, coarse and fine, fruits and vegetables, many meals and few meals, comprehensive nutrition, rich in vitamins, and keep the bowel movement smooth. (9) Liver cancer: avoid drinking contaminated water, eating moldy food, alcoholic beverages, pesticide-contaminated food, smoke, stale food, high-fat food, fried food, animal offal, animal head, neck and tail, and less spicy food. Diet should be fresh, fruits and vegetables, digestible, adequate calories and rich in vitamins. (10) Pancreatic cancer: Avoid smoking, alcohol, high-fat diet, high-protein diet, animal fat, fried food, preserved food, moldy food, animal offal, crab roe, alcoholic beverages, coarse and hard indigestible food, and less spicy and coffee drinks. The diet should be light, digestible, nutritious, vitamin-rich, with plenty of vegetables and fruits and sufficient calories. (11) Gallbladder cancer and bile duct cancer: avoid eating high-fat diet, animal fat, fried food, pickled food, moldy food, animal offal, animal head, neck and tail, fish roe and crab, as well as full meals, tobacco and alcohol. The diet should be fresh and light, fruit and vegetables, rich in nutrients and vitamins, digestible, drink more water, and eat fewer meals. (12) Kidney cancer and bladder cancer: avoid smoking, alcohol, sweeteners, old food, moldy food, pickled food, and less spicy food. Fresh and light diet, more water, vegetables and fruits, rich in vitamins are recommended. (13) Uterine cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer: avoid smoking, alcohol, food containing female hormones (such as royal jelly), fish roe and crab, high-fat food, animal fat, animal offal, animal head, neck and tail, pickled and preserved food, moldy food, and fine food. The diet should be fresh and light, fruit and vegetables, coarse and fine, vitamin-rich food, and keep the second stool open. (14) Prostate cancer and testicular cancer: Avoid smoking, alcohol, high-fat food, animal fat, fried food, tonic containing androgens and aphrodisiacs, and less spicy food. The diet should be fresh and light, fruit and vegetables, coarse and fine, rich in vitamins, and keep the bowel movement smooth. (15) Carcinoid: food rich in nutrients and calories, sufficient protein and vitamins. Avoid foods that can induce skin flushing and diarrhea, such as milk products, eggs, citrus, etc. 3.According to the strength of the physique, certain diets are forbidden. Physique refers to the health level of the human body and its ability to adapt to the outside world, which is formed by congenital inheritance and acquired by the morphological structure, functional activities and relatively fixed individual characteristics. The understanding of physique in Chinese medicine began in the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine in the book “Ling Shu? In the book “Yin and Yang: Twenty-five People, Sixty-fourth Chapter”, human beings are divided into five forms: wood, earth, fire, gold, and water, which correspond to the five forms, and the endowment of each form, skin color, character and adaptability to the seasons are described in detail. Each person can make a reasonable diet according to the different deficiencies of the body’s yin and yang, and often eat a diet appropriate to the body’s constitution to adjust the imbalance of the body, enhance the body’s immune function, and gradually achieve the purpose of changing the constitution. For example, according to the difference of Yin and Yang, patients can be divided into Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency. Yin deficiency quality: thin or average body shape, aromatic dry and thick-tasting food, dry skin, dry mouth and nose, red lips, easy to catch fire, yellow urine, dry or normal stool, thin tongue, red or light tender or purple dark tongue, little moss or flaking moss, cracked or greasy moss but lack of fluid, thin or fine pulse. This type of patient should be nourished. Choose the products that are calm, sweet and cold or sweet and cool and moist. Such as duck, rabbit, turtle, pigeon, buffalo meat, lean meat, milk, eggs, soy products, mushrooms. Vegetables such as lotus root, eggplant, cabbage, green beans, loofah, bitter melon, cauliflower, banana, pear, rock sugar, etc. Avoid: spicy aromatic dry, sizzling Bo thick-tasting products, such as peach kernel, pepper, lychee, garlic, chili, yellow beef, mutton, dog meat, prawns, etc. Yang deficiency quality: fat or general shape, and color bright white, cold form and cold limbs, poor, easy to catch a cold, cough, urine clear long, stool is not real or first hard and then loose, the tongue is fat, the tongue is light and tender or purple, white or greasy moss, sunken pulse, thin and weak. This type should be warmed and tonified. Choose products that are calm and sweet and warm. Such as chicken, yellow beef, mutton, sea cucumber, turtle, carp, lean meat, eggs, milk, mushrooms. Vegetables and fruits such as millet, konjac, garlic, leeks, cinnamon, walnuts, cabbage, pumpkin, apples. Avoid: cold or stagnant products such as duck, snapper, rabbit, glutinous rice, honey, rock sugar, eggplant, pear, etc. Whether it is yin deficiency or yang deficiency, all those who see abdominal distension and thick and greasy tongue coating are dampness, and should be treated with clear tonic. It is advisable to eat light food, mainly fresh vegetables. Avoid eating sweet, sticky, greasy products, such as honey, sugar cane, peanuts, walnuts, chicken, duck, turtle, beef, mutton, etc.. After the tongue moss becomes thinner, the diet can be adjusted according to the physical condition by clear or warm tonic. According to the patient’s dietary habits, more than two kinds of anti-cancer foods can be cooked together, or several kinds of anti-cancer foods with the same nature or different nature can be consumed at the same time, so that through reasonable combination, the bias of diet can be adjusted to eliminate or alleviate the unfavorable factors to the patient, and play the comprehensive role of complementary or opposite. According to the treatment needs, certain diets should be avoided. Various tumors have different treatment purposes and different stages in treatment, so there are also different requirements for avoiding food. For example, spicy and hot food and coarse and dry food should be avoided in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer; cold food, coarse and dry food, greasy and thick food and indigestible food should be avoided in chemotherapy for various tumors, especially in chemotherapy with oxaliplatin drug, a large amount of raw vegetables, fruits, cold drinks (such as iced tea, soft drinks, ice cream, etc.) and cold food (such as cold rice and cold dishes, etc.) should be avoided; and for esophageal cancer patients After surgery, most of the patients, because the vagus nerve is cut off, the digestive function is still difficult to recover soon, and the absorption of fats and oils is poor, so they should be given a diet with less oil and easy to digest, and it is advisable to have a small number of meals, and avoid spicy things such as wine, chili, pepper, leek, onion, ginger, garlic, etc., so as not to hurt yin and consume fluid; also, for example, patients with physical weakness and qi, Chinese medicine often uses ginseng, so they should avoid eating radish, because radish has the effect of breaking qi, thus reducing the qi tonic function of ginseng. The function of ginseng is reduced. 5. According to the emergence of different complications, certain diets should be avoided Tumor patients often have a variety of complications, such as the development of upper sensory fever should avoid eating tonic and greasy food. If there is swelling and ascites, salt-rich food should be avoided. If there is abdominal tension and gas, avoid eating yams, milk and other indigestible foods. If the upper gastrointestinal bleeding is complicated, fasting should be avoided, and then gradually eat a non-slag diet. What should be paid attention to while “avoiding food”? Pay attention to nutrition and enhance anti-cancer ability Generally speaking, tumor patients often suffer from malnutrition, chronic anemia, physical weakness and even cachexia, so they should pay attention to the nutrition of tumor patients’ diet and give them more food with high protein, high calorie, high vitamin and easy to digest. To enhance the patient’s physical fitness and immune function, as well as to avoid eating certain hairy substances in order to enhance the ability to fight cancer. Prevent cancer with a proper diet There is a Chinese saying; “disease comes from the mouth”, which means that many diseases are caused by improper diet, and so is cancer. Most scholars believe that about 75% to 90% of cancers are caused by environmental factors, but about 35% of them are related to diet. In order to survive, people must obtain nutrients from their diet every day, but the intake must be appropriate. Nutritional disorders caused by insufficient or excessive intake of nutrients are closely related to the occurrence of tumors. Nutrients in the diet are divided into two categories: macronutrients, including water, protein, fat and carbohydrates; and micronutrients, including vitamins and some trace elements. All are indispensable nutrients for the human body. (1) Carbohydrates; including sugar, starch, fiber and pectin, etc. Carbohydrates are the main source of calories, and their intake should meet the normal needs of human body, if the intake is too much, there will be too much calories, not only cause obesity, but also may have a role in promoting the occurrence of tumors. The intake of starchy food should be measured out for people, to achieve a balance, to avoid excessive intake, resulting in obesity and increase the burden of the body. (2) fat; fat is also one of the sources of human calories, but excessive intake is harmful to human body, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gallbladder cancer, etc. The onset of cancer is related to excessive fat input. It is generally believed that the fat intake should not exceed 30% of the total calories according to the calorie calculation, especially the intake of animal fat should be controlled. The fat intake of tumor patients should be similar to that of normal people. It should not be increased. Vegetable oil should be used as the main ingredient, and cooking should be done with less frying, pan-frying, smoking and other methods, with steaming, stir-frying and soup stewing, so as to keep the food light and delicious. (3) protein; is the body’s normal physiological function of the necessary nutrients, protein foods such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, soy products. Insufficient intake can reduce the body’s ability to resist diseases and promote the occurrence of tumors. However, excessive intake will not only affect the normal digestive function, but also the metabolites of some amino acids such as tryptophan are carcinogenic, which may induce tumor if it exceeds 2-3 times of normal human needs. Tumor patients are consuming diseases, so the protein intake should be 1.5 times of the normal amount, i.e. 250-300 grams of animal protein, 50-100 grams of soybean products, plus the protein in rice, noodles and vegetables, which is basically enough, do not overdo it. (4) vitamins; is an essential nutrient, such as deficiency will lead to a variety of diseases. In addition, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E are strong oxidants and have an inhibitory effect on carcinogens. Vitamins A and E are fat-soluble vitamins and are found in meat, eggs and fat. Vitamin C is found in fresh vegetables and fruits, so eating more vegetables and fruits and eating meat, eggs and fats can improve the body’s ability to prevent cancer. Tea is rich in catechins with strong anti-cancer activity, so appropriate daily consumption of tea is beneficial to health. The latest published list of anti-cancer vegetables in order: cooked sweet potatoes, raw sweet potatoes, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, eggplant skin, bell peppers, carrots, golden cauliflower, water chestnuts, skunk cabbage, capers, snowy red, tomatoes, scallions, garlic, cucumbers, cabbage. (5) Trace elements; selenium and molybdenum have anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor effects. Selenium is mainly found in animal meat, liver and kidney, and is an antioxidant. Molybdenum is mainly found in food and drinking water, and its anti-cancer mechanism is not yet clear. (6) Cellulose; cellulose is mostly found in fruits, vegetables and coarse grains and cereals, which is not absorbed by the body but has unique physiological functions. Fiber can promote the excretory function of intestine, stimulate intestinal peristalsis to accelerate fecal evacuation, reduce the contact time between carcinogenic substances and intestinal wall, at the same time, it can make the waste in intestine excreted in time and reduce the contact time between toxic metabolites and intestinal wall. Therefore, food should not be too fine, but should be mixed with coarse and fine grains, and eat more vegetables.