Tumors of neurogenic origin are common primary posterior mediastinal tumors, that is, they often grow in the paraspinal groove, and a few of them may also occur within the intervertebral foramen. In order to treat neurogenic tumors, it is important to clarify the most basic pathological nature, whether benign or malignant, which is necessary for the later related treatment. For this disease, the first thing to do is to treat the symptoms. If painful manifestations appear, oral loxoprofen and acetaminophen can be used for treatment; if numbness and weakness of nerves appear, oral methylcobalamin and vitamin B1 can be used for nerve nutrition treatment. In general, no matter benign or malignant, the tumor should be surgically removed first to avoid the incomplete removal of the tumor because of the huge growth in the later stage. It is also important to decide whether to administer radiotherapy or chemotherapy according to the type of postoperative pathology. In terms of this disease, it is important to make a timely differential diagnosis because there is not much knowledge about this disease and it can be easily confused with other diseases.