Urinary stones are one of the most common diseases of the urinary system. Urinary stones include kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones and urethral stones. Some people may have also heard of “prostate stones”, which are actually localized foci of calcification in the prostate gland and are not considered stones. The level of treatment of urinary stones in a hospital mainly refers to the level of treatment of kidney stones and ureteral stones, especially the level of treatment of kidney stones. The hospital is one of the largest medical centers in Jiangsu Province, founded in the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 100 years, and enjoys a high reputation in China. The urology department of the hospital is traditionally a strong department and has been maintaining a high level of treatment for many difficult and complicated diseases. At present, the department’s disease types are mainly tumors, adrenal gland diseases and kidney transplants, and also include a small number of complicated kidney stones and a very small number of prostate enlargement, urinary incontinence, trauma and deformity diseases. This distribution of diseases is in line with the specialty characteristics of top-tier tertiary care hospitals, while general tertiary and secondary care hospitals are dominated by diseases such as stones and prostate enlargement, with tumors accounting for a small percentage. Despite the non-mainstream of stones, the hospital still occupies a leading position in the field of stones in East China and even in China. For example, it was the first to carry out extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, has the most advanced extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment, has the most patents on stone inventions, and has the national medical award for stone treatment system. It was the first to carry out percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex kidney stones in East China, and the total number of cases of this procedure has exceeded 10,000, while having a perfect positioning system, lithotripsy system, extremely high stone clearance rate and very low complications. While many tertiary hospitals are still carrying out this technique as a major new technology, it is already a skill that residents have mastered. Every year, Nanjing Gulou Hospital trains a large number of physicians in the treatment of kidney stones for secondary and tertiary hospitals in the surrounding areas. The hospital has made an important contribution to the treatment of urinary stones in East China!