To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low-dose posterior pituitary hormone combined with nitroglycerin in the treatment of hemoptysis. Methods Fifty patients with hemoptysis were randomly divided into two groups. The efficacy and adverse effects were analyzed. Results After 48 hours, the efficiency of the treatment group was 96.15% (25/26), and the efficiency of the control group was 58.33% (14/24), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.012); the treatment group had a small effect on blood pressure, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the control group could cause the side effect of increased blood pressure (P<0.05); the treatment group experienced dizziness and headache, chest tightness, palpitation abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, sweating, pallor and other adverse reactions were less in the treatment group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of small-dose posterior pituitary hormone combined with nitroglycerin in the treatment of moderate hemoptysis is significantly higher than that of posterior pituitary hormone monotherapy in the treatment of moderate hemoptysis, and it can reduce the adverse effects of posterior pituitary hormone. There are three major categories of hemoptysis: the first is fatal hemoptysis due to tuberculous cavernous wall aneurysm or aortic coarctation breaking into the bronchial tree, for which clinical management is helpless; the second is intermittent, non-fatal small amounts of hemoptysis, self-limiting but recurrent, treated symptomatically and avoiding the use of sedatives that inhibit the cough reflex; the third is intermediate, moderate, and persistent hemoptysis that can lead to atelectasis or anemia. The most effective management of the third type of hemoptysis is the use of posterior pituitary hormone, which is traditionally administered intravenously. Due to its strong vasoconstrictive effect, patients often experience side effects such as dizziness, palpitations, increased blood pressure, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and urinary urgency. Therefore, in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and high sensitivity of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts are often unable to use higher doses or cannot use posterior pituitary hormone. In our department, small doses of posterior pituitary hormone combined with nitroglycerin were used from January to December 2008 to treat cases of moderate hemoptysis in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy and side effects. Data and methods I. General data Characteristics of the two groups 16 males and 10 females in the treatment group and 13 males and 11 females in the control group; age 47.81±14.31 years in the treatment group and 40.88±15.55 years in the control group; height 168.58±6.88 cm in the treatment group and 167.50±7.60 cm in the control group; weight 67.08±8.76 kg; 66.96±8.34 kg in the control group; 133.28±18.75 mmHg systolic blood pressure in the treatment group, 130.09±13.43 mmHg in the control group; 77.16±9.45 mmHg diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group, 75.00±7.05 mmHg in the control group; 20 cases of bronchiectasis, 5 cases of lung cancer, and 1 case of other in the treatment group, and There were 15 cases of bronchiectasis, 8 cases of lung cancer and 1 case of others in the control group. Statistical treatment showed that the gender, age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and disease type were comparable between the treatment and control groups (P > 0.05). All had moderate hemoptysis before admission, i.e., hemoptysis of 100-500 ml per day was considered moderate [1]. Patients with cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, coronary artery disease, coagulation disorders, diabetes mellitus, and severe liver and kidney diseases were excluded. II.Methods of use The cases were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in both groups were given anti-infection and applied hemostatic combination as the basis. The treatment group was treated with small dose of posterior pituitary glandular hormone combined with nitroglycerin: posterior pituitary glandular hormone 12u plus nitroglycerin 2.5mg-10mg dissolved in 5% glucose injection 250ml, twice daily, and the dosage of nitroglycerin was adjusted according to blood pressure; the control group was treated with small dose of posterior pituitary glandular hormone only: posterior pituitary glandular hormone 12u dissolved in 5% glucose injection 250ml, twice daily. twice a day. If hypertension appeared, the drip rate was adjusted promptly. Efficacy evaluation and observation of adverse reactions 1 Efficacy evaluation criteria: apparent effect: cessation of hemoptysis within 24 hours. Effective: The amount of hemoptysis showed an obvious decreasing trend within 48 hours and disappeared after several days. Ineffective: there was still recurrent hemoptysis after 48 hours without reduction compared with that before admission. Total effective rate = apparent rate + effective rate. Adverse effects included: dizziness and headache, chest tightness, palpitations, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, sweating, and pallor. Blood pressure was also monitored three times during the treatment and the mean value was taken. IV. Statistical treatment Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS 10.0. The χ2 test for comparison of two independent sample rates was used for gender, the two-sample t test for age, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the χ2 test for multiple sample composition ratio was used for disease type to test the balance of random grouping. Two independent samples rank sum test was used for efficacy. Adverse effects were tested by the χ2 test for comparison of two independent sample rates. 0.05 was used as the test standard. Adverse reactions in the two groups The treatment group had fewer adverse reactions than the control group, such as headache and headache, chest tightness, palpitation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, sweating, and pallor, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0, 05). Discussion The treatment of hemoptysis with small doses of posterior pituitary glandular hormone is safe and feasible. However, adverse effects such as dizziness, palpitations, elevated blood pressure, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are still unavoidable [2]. The mechanism of action of posterior pituitary hormone hemostasis is to act directly on vascular smooth muscle, producing a strong vasoconstrictive effect. Because it constricts small arteries such as coronary vessels and also excites smooth muscles of the gut, etc., adverse reactions such as palpitations, headache, increased blood pressure, and abdominal pain can occur [3]. Its application is limited by its tendency to induce angina pectoris, hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. Nitrates can dilate the volume vessels, especially the small peripheral veins, which can effectively reduce the amount of return blood and decrease the pulmonary artery pressure, thus playing a hemostatic role, so in recent years nitrates are also commonly used in the treatment of hemoptysis [4]. The combination of posterior pituitary plus nitrates can make use of the difference of the main action sites of the two drugs, complementing each other and synergizing each other, which can not only constrict the small pulmonary arteries and reduce pulmonary venous pressure, but also dilate the small peripheral veins, reduce the amount of return blood and lower pulmonary arterial pressure, so that the hemostatic effect is better. Meanwhile, nitroglycerin can reduce the immoderate response of posterior pituitary hormone, especially its effect of dilating coronary vessels, improving myocardial blood supply and dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and lowering pulmonary artery pressure, so that symptoms and complications such as palpitation, chest tightness and hypertension can be greatly reduced. This study showed that when small doses of posterior pituitary hormone combined with nitroglycerin were used to treat moderate hemoptysis compared with small doses of posterior pituitary hormone alone, the hemostatic efficiency of the treatment group was 96.15% and that of the control group was 58.33%, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); the treatment group had a small effect on blood pressure, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the control group could cause the side effect of increased blood pressure (P< 0.05); adverse reactions such as dizziness and headache, chest tightness, palpitation, hypertension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, sweating and pallor were less in the treatment group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Therefore, the combination of low-dose posterior pituitary glandular plus nitroglycerin for moderate hemoptysis was significantly more effective than posterior pituitary glandular monotherapy for moderate hemoptysis and reduced posterior pituitary glandular adverse effects.