Otitis media is an inflammatory lesion involving all or part of the middle ear (including the eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, tympanic sinus and mastoid airspace) and is most common in children. It can be divided into two categories: non-suppurative and suppurative. Non-suppurative cases include secretory otitis media and pneumatic otitis media, while suppurative cases are acute and chronic. Specific inflammatory diseases are too rare, such as tuberculous otitis media. Etiology: 1. Acute otitis media is an acute purulent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, which is infected by the pharyngeal tube route. Inflammation in the pharynx and nose spreads to the eustachian tube after a cold, and the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube and the mucosa of the tube lumen become congested and swollen, and cilia movement becomes impaired, causing otitis media. The common pathogenic bacteria are mainly pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. 2, nasal snot contains a large number of viruses and bacteria, if both nostrils are pinched and blown, the pressure forces the nasal snot out to the posterior nostril, reaching the eustachian tube and causing otitis media. 3. When swimming, avoid swallowing water into the mouth so that the water does not enter the middle ear through the nasopharynx and cause otitis media. For tympanic membrane perforation caused by trauma, it is forbidden to drop any aqueous liquid to avoid affecting the healing of the wound. Sterilized cotton balls can be used to block the external ear canal to prevent infection from triggering otitis media. 4. If an infant eats milk in the supine position, because the eustachian tube is relatively straight, and the lumen is short and the inner diameter is wide, milk can choke into the middle ear via the eustachian tube and cause otitis media. Smoking, including secondhand smoke, can also cause otitis media. Smoking can cause systemic atherosclerosis, especially when nicotine from cigarettes enters the bloodstream, causing small blood vessels to spasm, increasing blood viscosity and hardening the micro-arteries that supply blood to the inner ear, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the inner ear, which can seriously affect hearing. 6, long time to use headphones to listen to the rock type of loud decibel music, if a long time, also easy to cause chronic otitis media. Most patients with otitis media have had otitis media as children, but the eardrum is perforated and hearing is gradually reduced, often after a cold or “fire” is more likely to appear pus. Some of them have a short interval, while others have a long interval, with intermittent recurrence of pus. In some cases, the pus does not flow for several years or more than 10 years, and then suddenly it appears again due to a severe cold. Patients often get better or stop the flow of pus with in-the-ear drops, but it tends to recur. Most patients think that they should use medication when they have pus, but they do not know that this kind of chronic otitis media is a long-term recurrent flow of pus, or hearing loss trend, for those who have more obvious hearing loss, often accompanied by repeated infections, pus, ear is difficult to “dry”, not surgical treatment is difficult to completely cure, one of the purposes of surgery is to obtain One of the goals of surgery is to obtain a “no more pus” result, and there are two types of surgery: intact and open, so there is no need to wait for a “dry ear” before going to the hospital. Of course, milder cases of otitis media can manifest as simple tympanic membrane perforation, and tympanic membrane repair is an option when there is no pus flow. Whether or not the hearing can be improved through surgery depends on the patient’s basic conditions, if it is already sensorineural deafness it is impossible to improve it, if it is conductive deafness there is still hope. If the patient is already sensorineural, it is impossible to improve the hearing.