Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious risk to human health. The risks of AF include increased stroke, congestive heart failure and a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. Ablation therapy is one of the most effective treatments available. Ablation energy includes radiofrequency, freezing and laser. Among them, radiofrequency catheter ablation is the most commonly used method to treat atrial fibrillation. Balloon cryoablation is a new technique for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The principle is that through the heat absorption and evaporation of liquid refrigerant, the heat of the tissue is taken away, so that the temperature of the target ablation site is reduced and the abnormal electrophysiological cellular tissue is destroyed, thus achieving the purpose of treating atrial fibrillation. So far, balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation has been applied in 400 centers in 25 countries and regions, including Europe and the United States, and has accumulated clinical experience of more than 60,000 patients. A large amount of evidence-based medical evidence shows that balloon cryoablation has good feasibility and safety in the treatment of paroxysmal AF. However, this new technology started late in China. The Department of Cardiology of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital is the first unit in China to carry out balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and has accumulated some experience so far. This treatment measure has brought a boon to the treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious health risk for human beings. The risks of AF include increased stroke and congestive heart failure, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Ablation therapy is one of the most effective treatments available. Ablation energy includes radiofrequency, freezing and laser. Among them, radiofrequency catheter ablation is the most commonly used method to treat atrial fibrillation. Balloon cryoablation is a new technique for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The principle is that through the heat absorption and evaporation of liquid refrigerant, the heat of the tissue is taken away, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the target ablation site and the destruction of abnormal electrophysiological cellular tissue, thus achieving the goal of treating AF (Figure below). To date, balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal AF has been applied in 400 centers in 25 countries and regions, including Europe and the United States, and has accumulated clinical experience with more than 60,000 patients. A large amount of evidence-based medical evidence shows that balloon cryoablation has good feasibility and safety in the treatment of paroxysmal AF. However, this new technology started late in China. The Department of Cardiology of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital is the first unit in China to carry out balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and has accumulated some experience so far. This treatment measure has brought a boon to the treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.