(Disclaimer: This article is only for popularization purposes, in order to protect the privacy of patients, the relevant information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: Early osteoporosis often has no obvious symptoms, so women after menopause and men over the age of 60 years, we should be alert to the occurrence of osteoporosis. The progression of the disease can be effectively controlled through changes in lifestyle habits and rational use of medication. The patient mentioned in this article came to the clinic with sudden onset of lumbar pain after severe coughing, and was diagnosed with lumbar vertebral compression fracture due to severe osteoporosis after medical history and examination, and was advised to undergo surgery and medication, which eventually relieved her lumbar pain, increased her bone mass, and improved her quality of life. Basic information] Female, 68 years old [Type of disease] Osteoporosis, lumbar spine compression fracture [Hospital] The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University [Date of consultation] April 2022 [Treatment plan] Improvement of lifestyle + medication (calcium, activated vitamin D, bisphosphonates) + PKP surgical treatment [Period of treatment] Inpatient treatment for 5 days, with regular outpatient follow up [Effect of treatment] Relief of low back pain and increase in bone mass. Relief of low back pain and increase in bone mass I. Initial consultation The patient came to the clinic with sudden onset of low back pain after severe coughing for 2 days. She was 160cm tall, weighed 75kg, and had a slight hunchback. Through inquiry, it was learned that the patient seldom went out, had a light diet, did not eat much, had no bad habits such as smoking and drinking, and was 45 years old at the age of menopause. Family members described the patient in the past 5 years gradually appeared hunchback performance, accompanied by intermittent low back pain. 2 days ago due to choking on drinking water and coughing violent coughing led to sudden lumbar pain, turn over or get up when the pain is aggravated, and can only be bedridden at present. In view of the patient’s obvious low back pain, X-ray examination was firstly conducted, and the fracture of the 1st lumbar vertebra could be clearly seen through the X-ray, in addition, the bone cortex of the vertebral body was obviously thinned. Bone density examination was further improved, and the result showed a T value of -3.3. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was confirmed by these examinations. According to the patient’s medical history and relevant examinations, the diagnosis of lumbar vertebral compression fracture due to severe osteoporosis was made. After communicating with the patient and his family, a corresponding treatment plan was formulated for the patient: 1. First, PKP surgery was recommended for the fractured vertebrae, which means that the fractured vertebrae were reset and then reinforced with bone cement. 2. 2.Adjust living habits, strengthen outdoor activities and light exposure, eat a balanced diet, and strengthen calcium intake in the diet. 3.Supplement calcium and vitamin D, apply bisphosphonate drugs, and supplement active vitamin D in winter when there is little sunshine, which is conducive to calcium absorption. 4.Pay attention to protection in daily activities to minimize the possibility of fall and trauma. After PKP surgery, the patient’s lumbar pain symptoms were quickly relieved, and movements such as turning over and getting up could be completed smoothly. Postoperative review of X-ray films showed that the morphology of the lumbar vertebrae was basically restored, and the vertebral body was filled with filled bone cement, with an increase in the amount of bone. The patient was able to leave the bed on the 2nd day after the surgery, and did not need to stay in bed all the time, and the quality of life was significantly improved. The patient recovered well while in the hospital and decided to be discharged on the 3rd day after surgery. He came to the outpatient clinic for review 1 month after the operation and said that he had resumed his normal life and was satisfied with the treatment effect. IV. Precautions Osteoporosis leads to a decrease in bone strength, so that minor violence can cause fractures. Although the fracture can be reset by surgery, it is only the first step in the treatment of the disease. If the treatment of osteoporosis is not emphasized, fractures in other locations may occur in the future. Therefore, after the patient is discharged from the hospital, I always instruct the need to review the bone density every year and pay attention to the change of T value. At the same time, it is important to avoid spicy and stimulating diet, and eat more food with high calcium content, such as soybean products, milk, cereals and nuts. It is also necessary to maintain good living habits, pay more attention to exercise, more sunshine, pay attention to calcium intake, especially for menopausal women is particularly important. Usually, you need to protect yourself, try to avoid traumatic falls, and adhere to anti-osteoporosis treatment. I am glad that the patient’s condition has been improved after this treatment. V. Personal Insight When the human body enters old age, the calcium in the body will be lost unknowingly. Early osteoporosis has no symptoms, and patients often pay attention to this disease only after fracture occurs, and at this time, osteoporosis is often already more serious. In fact, calcium deficiency and calcium loss can be effectively avoided through exercise, dietary calcium supplementation and adequate sun exposure. For menopausal women, it is even more important to pay attention to their bone density. Through early prevention, it is entirely possible to maintain your bone mass at a normal level.