Fumigation is a method of fumigating, drenching and bathing the affected area with a decoction of medicine while it is hot. The earliest medical book in China, “The 52 Disease Formula”, has a record of the fumigation method. In the Nei Jing, the therapeutic theory of the fumigation method is further elaborated by the phrase “for those who have evil, impregnate the form with sweat”. The practical application is fully reflected in the treatment of fox confusion eroded in the lower part of the body by fumigation with bitter ginseng soup in The Essentials of the Golden Horoscope by Zhang Zhongjing of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Specifically, it is an external treatment method guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, in which Chinese herbal medicines are decocted and processed into Chinese medicinal liquid and mixed with hot water for local fumigation and sitz bath, so as to unblock the meridians, dispel wind and dampness, invigorate blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis, reduce swelling and pain. Sitz bath fumigation is an important tool for the treatment and rehabilitation of anal diseases, as early as in the Tang Sun Simiao’s “Thousand Gold Essentials” contains the method of fumigating hemorrhoids with drugs. The sitz bath fumigation can make the drug penetrate and absorb into the body through the perianal skin, playing the dual role of drug and physical warmth. Since the establishment of our anorectal department in 1983, we have been exploring and practicing with three generations of Chinese medicine practitioners, including the old, the middle-aged and the young, flexibly forming prescriptions for the fumigation of common and multiple diseases in anorectal department according to the identification of evidence, and have achieved good clinical efficacy. In recent years, we have combined modern science and technology to improve the process of decocting Chinese medicine and sitting bath, and applied nearly ten kinds of different lotions, which are widely used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, eczema and post-anal surgery, greatly broadening the treatment scope of Chinese medicine infusion and fumigation. In particular, our department’s self-designed hemorrhoid wash formula (including: white wort, Huang Lian, bitter ginseng, Han San Qi) is effective in reducing post-operative pain, bleeding, tissue edema and other complications of mixed hemorrhoids, after more than twenty years of clinical observation, the formula is definitely effective in reducing post-operative hemorrhoid incision pain, bleeding, and traumatic edema, significantly reducing patient pain. And the operation is simple, practical, convenient for clinical promotion and easy for patients to accept. It has been listed as a research project by the 2011 Medical Management Group Research Exchange and Cooperation Project of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and is under further research and observation. Chinese medicine soaking and fumigation treatment can promote the opening of the couples, the harmonization of the veins and blood flow, so as to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of diseases. And no pain, no danger, the drug directly on the local lesions, with blood circulation, circulation and pain, clearing heat and detoxification, water and swelling, improve limb microcirculation and other functions. Modern medicine believes that fumigation therapy organically combines medicine and heat through fumigation and washing to promote the absorption of drugs in the skin and the affected area, promote blood and lymph circulation, strengthen the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein and the excretion of body wastes, facilitate the reflux and absorption of inter-tissue fluid, enhance the phagocytosis of white blood cells, regulate neurohumoral fluids, and enhance the body’s resistance to disease. The fumigation method is guided by the theoretical elaboration of the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine on soaking and fumigation, and under the academic thought of “the most important external treatment is the method of surgery” in the Source of Medicine, especially in the treatment of anorectal diseases, such as internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, embedded hemorrhoids, post-operative hemorrhoids, post-operative perianal abscess, post-operative anal fistula, post-operative anal fissure and so on. The treatment can be done by fumigation and sitz bath to prevent postoperative complications. It has a wide range of application and can be used by people of all ages. It can cleanse the anus, reduce edema, relieve pain and itching, relieve sphincter spasm, relax the anus, facilitate wound drainage and promote wound healing, etc. At present, our department uses our own hemorrhoid scrub formula (including: Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma and Radix et Rhizoma). The formula includes: Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng, Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng, Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng, Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng, Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng, Chinese Radix Panax notoginseng. The combination of these medicines can help to resolve blood stasis and stop bleeding, relieve swelling and pain, and clear heat and dry dampness. After more than twenty years of clinical observation in our department, the effect is precise and no obvious adverse reaction has been found.