Is the severity of ankle fractures associated with obesity?

  Studies have found that the severity of ankle fractures is much higher in obese patients than in those with a normal body mass index (BMI). A report published in the Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery reported that those with a body mass index ≥30 kg/O were almost twice as likely to have a Weber C fracture as a Weber A or Weber B fracture.  Christikin (according to the Kaiser San Francisco Bay Foot and Ankle Residency Program in the Oakland, CA, area) and his colleagues explained that patients with Weber type C fractures require routine surgical treatment because the fracture line disrupts the tibiofibular junction, resulting in relative instability at the fracture site.  In contrast, they concluded that Weber type A fractures require surgery only in cases of medial injury, and Weber type B fractures require surgery only in cases of complex double, triple, or equivalent ankle fractures.  The researchers analyzed ankle radiographs from 280 ankle fracture patients (180 of whom were women) with an average age of 52 years and collected information on their Weber fracture classification, BMI, gender, age, whether they had diabetes, whether they smoked, and whether they had osteoporosis.  They found that about half (51.4%) of the patients had a BMI of 30 kg/O, 21% had Weber type A fractures, 59% had Weber type B fractures, and 20% had Weber type C fractures. However, obese patients accounted for 46% of the total number of Weber type A fractures, 50% of the total number of Weber type B fractures, and 61% of the total number of Weber type C fractures.  By multivariate analysis, the OR for the number of Weber C fractures in obese patients relative to Weber A and Weber B fractures was 1.78. The risk of Weber C fractures was significantly higher in patients younger than 25 years of age and in men (OR 1.74).  In contrast, the occurrence of Weber C fractures was not influenced by osteoporosis, smoking, or bone mineral density.  According to previous studies, the recovery process of fracture in overweight or obese patients is much more complicated than in normal weight patients, therefore, King et al. concluded that: it is essential to recognize the potential dangers associated with obesity, such as its potential to make ankle fractures more severe, which is beneficial throughout the fracture treatment process.