I. What is circumcision
Circumcision: In normal men, after puberty, the glans is fully or mostly exposed. If the glans cannot be exposed and the foreskin is still wrapped around all or most of the glans, but the foreskin can be turned up by hand or the foreskin can be turned up after erection to reveal the glans, it is called circumcision.
Overview of circumcision surgery
Circumcision surgery: refers to the surgery done for circumcision, there are different surgical methods according to different situations. The most common ones are laser circumcision and light-wave ion circumcision.
Introduction
Male circumcision means that the foreskin is still wrapped around all or most of the glans, but the foreskin can be turned up by hand or the foreskin can be turned up after erection to reveal the glans. The foreskin not only hinders the development of the penis but also may affect the sexual function causing impotence and premature ejaculation, leading to penile inflammation, leading to male infertility, causing penile cancer and a series of other serious hazards, which require timely and appropriate circumcision.
Fourth, the etiology
The main causes of male circumcision are the following four points.
1, male foreskin is too long, because the penile foreskin trauma led to penile hematoma mechanized adhesions, or burn scar, etc., resulting in the foreskin can not be turned up, the penis head can not be revealed.
2. when there is a lack of energy for the upward growth of the male penis, which can also lead to prepuce.
3, the cause of circumcision may also be acquired inflammatory adhesions of the penile foreskin.
4, when the male foreskin lack of stretching force, the foreskin mouth under the narrow will also be the cause of the foreskin is too long.
V. Pathology
Circumcision is caused by parental genetic inheritance.
VI. Symptoms.
1, the foreskin mouth is relatively tight, after turning the foreskin to the coronary sulcus, can not naturally return, need to restore with external force.
2, the foreskin and the glans appear adherent situation, can not be turned out, affecting the normal development of the glans, this situation generally occurs in young children, juvenile patients, this symptom is necessary surgery.
3, circumcision may be painful during sexual life, resulting in decreased libido, foreskin patients will be accompanied by varying degrees of premature ejaculation, because the glans is surrounded by foreskin, not receiving the friction and stimulation due to the outside world, causing the glans to be too sensitive, and it is easy to have premature ejaculation during sexual life. Severe infertility can result.
4, urination is not easily exhausted, due to the foreskin is too long, will prevent the process of urination, resulting in the last few drops are always attached to the glans and foreskin. It may also occur that the urethral opening has to be narrowed due to the stimulation of inflammation, causing difficulties in urination.
5, when urinating, the narrowing of the foreskin will lead to bulging of the foreskin and difficulty in urination.
6.Most patients will suffer from inflammation. Due to the long foreskin, the residue of urine and the formation of foreskin scale become an ideal place for bacteria to breed and multiply, leading to inflammation.
Sixth, the harm
After puberty, the penis develops rapidly, the volume increases, and the foreskin recedes upward and reveals the head of the penis. Some people can’t flip up to reveal the head of the penis because the outer opening of the foreskin is too small, forming a prepuce. There are also people whose foreskin is not small and can be turned up to reveal the head of the penis, but the foreskin is too long to cover the entire head of the penis and the urethral orifice, a condition called prepuce is the most common congenital malformation of the male genital tube.
Overcircumcision affects urination and can easily lead to infection. When the foreskin is too long, the urine flow is blocked, making the urine flow in a fractal state and wetting soft clothes. The foreskin often secretes a foul-smelling substance called foreskin scale. Since it is not removed in time, it creates a good condition for bacteria to grow and multiply, causing foreskin infection of the penis head. The head of the penis is eroded, the foreskin or urethra is red, swollen and painful, and there is a purulent discharge. Long-term recurrent inflammation can illuminate the narrowing of the urethral opening, and difficulty in urination is further added. As the urine produced by the kidneys cannot be discharged smoothly, a dilated renal pelvis ureter is formed over time, called hydronephrosis. Bacteria can also pour upward into the bladder, ureter or kidney and urinary tract infections occur. Hydrocele and infection often damage the function of the kidneys. The accumulation of foreskin scale and sediment in urine forms a soy-sized foreskin stone, which can easily be mistaken for a tumor and illuminate the patient’s mental tension.
1, cause foreskin inflammation: foreskin own secretions have bactericidal components, but, because of the wet and warm environment of the foreskin cavity, bacteria can be more likely to breed here. If the growth of bacteria exceeds the self-cleaning function of the foreskin, then inflammation of the foreskin may occur. The actual fact that there are many secretion glands in the inner plate of the foreskin, the secretion can play a lubricating role, the accumulation of secretion, can not be properly cleared by cleaning, will also be conducive to the reproduction of bacteria, resulting in foreskin inflammation.
2, affect the development of the penis: cause sexual disharmony: affect the growth and development of the penis, in adolescence because the head of the penis is firmly wrapped by the foreskin, do not get the outside world should be stimulated, the development of the head of the penis is greatly constrained, resulting in the development of mature sex organs, the circumference of the crown of the penis is obviously small, affecting sexual pleasure. Adults will be due to the foreskin is too long or prepuce, affecting normal sex life. Especially for men whose foreskin caliber is too small, the foreskin cannot be recovered by turning it up, and the foreskin is firmly stuck in the coronal groove, becoming an embedded prepuce, which is not very painful. In serious cases, the glans will occur due to poor blood flow and edema, and even glans necrosis can occur.
3, leading to penile inflammation: there are abundant sebaceous glands in the foreskin, which can secrete a large amount of sebum. If you’re not a member of the team, you’ll be able to get the best out of the team. The foreskin scale is suitable for bacterial growth, so it can cause inflammation of the penis head and foreskin. The germs can also cause urinary tract infections through the urethra. The inflammation that occurs in the urethra, after healing, can cause the urethra to narrow, causing difficulty in urination.
4, damage to kidney function: due to inflammation of the penis, it can cause narrowing of the urethra or front urethra, causing difficulty in urination. Long-term difficulty in urination will damage the function of kidneys.
5.Even triggering cancer: circumcision and prepuce have the possibility of inducing penile cancer. Modern scientific research shows that foreskin scale is a carcinogenic substance. According to the survey, 85%-95% of penile cancer patients are circumcised or circumcised. Circumcision and prepuce not only affect one’s own health, but also bring prepuce into the vagina if one has intercourse with one’s wife, which can stimulate the uterus and induce cervical cancer.
6, premature ejaculation: the phenomenon of prepuce can easily lead to premature ejaculation, because the phenomenon of prepuce will lead to a very sensitive glans, it will be easy to ejaculate during sex, so for a long time, it will lead to premature ejaculation, affecting men’s sex life and causing a lot of psychological pressure on men.
The dangers of paediatric circumcision
1, pediatric overgrown foreskin, often completely cover the urethral orifice, so that urination is not complete, there is often a small amount of urine residue in the foreskin cavity, plus young children wear crotch pants, foreskin mouth and urethral orifice is often contaminated by the outside world, foreskin and urethral orifice is very easy to inflammatory adhesion, aggravating the difficulty of urination. This child each time urination is very hard, foreskin cavity expansion, often with prepuce cavity stones, urinary tract infection and other serious complications.
2, prepuce will affect the growth and development of the penis, in adolescence because the head of the penis is tightly wrapped by the foreskin, do not get the due stimulation of the outside world, the development of the head of the penis is greatly constrained, resulting in the development of mature sex organs, the circumference of the crown of the head of the penis is significantly smaller, resulting in depression, low self-esteem and other adverse psychological disorders in children.
3, there are rich sebaceous glands in the foreskin, which can secrete a lot of sebum. When the circumcision or prepuce is too long, the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the foreskin cannot be discharged, and the sebum and urine precipitates are synthesized into the cheese-like and smelly “prepuce”. The foreskin scale is suitable for bacterial growth, so it can cause inflammation of the penis head and foreskin. The germs can also cause urinary tract infections through the urethra. The inflammation that occurs at the urethra can cause the urethra to narrow after healing, causing difficulty in urination.
Seven, circumcision surgery methods:
1.Traditional surgery
Surgery time, generally more than 30 minutes; intraoperative blood seepage postoperative hematoma and other complications; bad grasp of the cutting site; stitches, uneven and unattractive surgical opening; postoperative recovery time is also longer, about a week after surgery need to remove stitches; patients psychological pain, stress; doctors are too much trouble to do circumcision.
2.Circumcision
Circumcision is an older treatment method, its surgical procedure is relatively simple, in fact, is to put a ring on the excess foreskin, tie it tightly, so that the excess foreskin circulation necrosis, and finally become dead skin, and then fall off. The characteristic is that there is basically no bleeding, no stitches are needed, and there is basically no scarring after the circumcision treatment surgery. The disadvantage is that the recovery period is longer and the recovery process is more painful. Think about how painful it is to have an erection in the middle of the night with a ring on the foreskin.
3.Circumcision “Wolf and” circumcision
The operation is simple, convenient, fast and safe, with neat incision, fast healing and beautiful flatness; no incision, automatic suture; light edema, little bleeding, no obvious pain after the operation; outpatient operation, generally no need to return to the hospital; after the operation does not affect the normal work and study with little activity, and you can take a shower after a week; beautiful appearance after healing, improving the “sex “happiness index.
Foreign baby circumcision surgery method
Circumcision will affect the development of the baby’s small JJ, should be treated with surgery as soon as possible, in China the proportion of babies with circumcision for surgical treatment is high, in some countries many circumcised to the baby was born for surgery, foreign baby circumcision common surgical methods are the following three.
1.Plastic bellows method
The design principle of the plastic bellows device is to make a dilated hard plastic collar, blocking the blood supply to the end foreskin, so that the necrotic tissue falls off 7 to 12 days after the end of the surgery. This plastic bellows method is characterized by less bleeding, less edema, good protection of the penile head and simple operation.
2.Mohs clamp method
The Morse clamp method is widely used in North America, and it is reported to be the method with the least complication rate for neonatal circumcision. The surgical operation is performed with the recessed side, facing the head of the penis and sliding down to the part of the foreskin that needs to be removed, with the ventral side slightly tilted distally to ensure that the foreskin at the tether is left more than 0.3 cm. Remove the foreskin above the jaws with the blade and keep clamping for 5 minutes, retreating the Mohs clamp. Take 1 strip of Vaseline gauze fixed on the edge of the wound, and give anti-inflammatory and pain relief treatment after surgery.
3.Ali’s clamp method
Ari’s clamp is a single-use device that causes ischemic necrosis of the distal foreskin. The Ari’s clamp consists of two plastic components with various models depending on the diameter of the inner tube, 10 and 12 gauge are usually used for neonatal and infant circumcision. The postoperative wound does not require dressing and allows for daily dressing and showering. The plastic device is removed within 1 to 5 days after surgery, depending on the age of the child, and should be followed up for 1 to 4 weeks after removal.
VIII. Benefits of circumcision:
1.It can prevent the deterioration of inflammation
When circumcision or prepuce is too long, the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the foreskin cannot be discharged and gradually form the strange smelly foreskin scale. The circumcision is suitable for bacterial growth, so it can cause inflammation of the penis head and foreskin. The actual benefits of circumcision happen to be the inflammation in the urethral orifice, which after healing can cause the urethral orifice to narrow, causing difficulty in urination. The head of the penis is stimulated by the foreskin scale for a long time may also occur urinary infection, and if you have intercourse with your wife, you will also bring the foreskin scale into the vagina, stimulating the uterus and inducing a recurrence of gynecological inflammation.
2, circumcision can avoid cross-infection
The male circumcision, foreskin dirt, etc. are bacterial, viral breeding grounds, very easy to transmit to each other through sexual intercourse. What are the benefits of circumcision at the same time can also bring germs into the female body through the couple’s sexual life, it will easily lead to leucorrhea abnormalities, chronic cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory and other gynecological diseases.
3, can completely treat circumcision
The circumcision refers to a man’s adult life, the penis skin wrapped glans, so that the glans can not be completely exposed. The actual circumcision is that the glans cannot be fully exposed even after the penis is erect; what are the benefits of doing circumcision pseudo-circumcision is that the glans cannot be fully exposed normally, but after the penis is erect the glans can be fully exposed. Circumcision means that the foreskin completely wraps around the glans and the glans cannot be exposed at any time.
4.Reducing the probability of penile cancer
The advantage of circumcision is that the prepuce cannot be cleaned due to long foreskin, and the bacteria will easily lead to other diseases, which will lead to penile cancer.
How to deal with circumcision in different age groups:
1.Adolescents
During the development of children, the foreskin covers the whole genitalia and the external urethra, accounting for two-thirds or even more, which is basically a normal phenomenon. Experts point out: But if the foreskin does not retreat back on its own during the developmental stage of adolescence, still the genitals are all wrapped up, only barely upturned or fully erect to make the glans exposed, this is called “prepuce”. The so-called “prepuce” is due to the adhesion of the foreskin and the head of the penis, so that the foreskin can not be turned up to reveal the urethra and the head of the penis, or the foreskin mouth is too tight and narrow.
Ten years ago, 13.72% of male adolescents thought that “the penis should not be cleaned”; 10 years later, this percentage dropped to 4.17%. 10 years ago, 23.19% of male adolescents thought that “the foreskin of the penis is a natural phenomenon and does not need to be treated”; Ten years later, this percentage dropped to 9.87%. In China, the proportion of adult men suffering from prepuce and circumcision is 30% and 8% respectively, a large proportion is due to the lack of sufficient attention in adolescence, coupled with the traditional ideological constraints. Not in time to receive help in the hospital, so many people still live in pain.
Circumcision and prepuce are common conditions among male adolescents, but they are often not sufficiently recognized. In addition, prepuce not only brings various hazards to men, but also stimulates female cervix through sexual life and the dirt hidden under the foreskin for a long time, which may cause female cervical cancer.
The foreskin has a legitimate existence, especially in childhood, the foreskin plays an important role as a protector, but if the foreskin can not be turned up, it will affect the return flow of blood, so it is necessary to do surgery. This also requires teenagers and parents to improve the level of awareness of sexual physiology, especially parents, more understanding of the dangers of prepuce, prepuce, and attention, usually pay more attention to the child’s reproductive health status, timely and correct guidance. Teenagers should also pay attention to good habits of hygiene, often turn the foreskin over and wash it with clean warm water to clean the foreskin scale in time, and push down the upturned foreskin in time after washing to avoid causing imbedded prepuce. (Incarcerated prepuce can lead to glans necrosis if not treated in time!)
In addition, many parents and male friends know the dangers of prepuce and foreskin, but because the site is at the root of the male, coupled with the lack of understanding of the surgery, they will have various concerns and worries, such as whether the surgery is painful, whether it will affect the erectile function of the penis after surgery, and so on, and delayed to make up their minds. In fact, these worries are unnecessary. Circumcision is a minor surgical procedure, and you can go home after the operation without hospitalization. The surgery and the anesthetic used will not have any harmful effects on the penis and the nerves of the penis, and will not affect the sexual function in the future.
2.Adults
Among adult men in China, 29% of them are circumcised.
Some people believe that prepuce and foreskin do not prevent sexual life and fertility, so it is not a disease of the genitals. In fact, this view is not scientific. Because, whether it is circumcision or circumcision, there are certain harmful effects on the human body.
Therefore, adult men who are circumcised and circumcised should go to the hospital early for surgical treatment and circumcision.
If there is inflammation can not be operated early, should also keep the vulva clean, wash the penis once a day, do not turn the foreskin by hand, do not apply drugs, and do not believe in any “prescription”, to go to the hospital in time to ask the doctor to deal with the inflammation to disappear before doing surgery.
3, the elderly
We know that children or adolescents or even middle-aged men who suffer from circumcision should be cut off immediately, so if the elderly circumcision how to do? You still need to go for surgery? The elderly body itself is delicate, if there is a prepuce can not be operated, as long as the frequent cleaning can be.
Circumcision means that the foreskin is wrapped around the glans, but the opening is too small to flip up and the glans cannot be exposed. In contrast, circumcision means that the foreskin can wrap around the glans but the glans can be seen by manually turning the foreskin over. In the past, experts have advised you to go to the hospital immediately for treatment if you are circumcised to avoid inflammation.
However, if the foreskin is too long and often accumulates scale, the long-term stimulation of the scale may lead to cancer. The sebaceous glands of adolescents are very secretive, and if the foreskin is too long, it is easy to accumulate scales that are difficult to get rid of and produce bad odor, and it has a certain impact on future sexual life.
With the growth of older men’s skin began to loosen, slowly began to have a prepuce. If the elderly have lost the opportunity of early excision, after the age of 60, sex is no longer an important component of life, the secretion of sex hormones is reduced accordingly, the sebaceous secretion of the foreskin is also relatively weakened, and the accumulation of scale in the foreskin is not so serious. Therefore, it is not very meaningful to prevent cancer when it is removed at this time, so it is not necessary to go through this knife again. However, you should wash it carefully every day, especially turn up the foreskin, clean the glans and the groove, and pay attention to it frequently, if there is any abnormality, you can consult a doctor in time.