Detailed description of symptoms Depending on the location of the lesion, the main manifestations are as follows: (a) Pain Most patients feel sudden pain in the chest, radiating to the front of the chest and the back, which can extend to the abdomen, lower extremities, wall and neck depending on the extent of the entrapment. The pain is severe and unbearable, reaching a peak immediately after the onset of the disease, with a slashing or tearing pattern. In a few cases with slow onset, the pain may not be significant. Jiang Xionggang, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital (b) Hypertension Patients have the appearance of shock due to severe pain, anxiety, profuse sweating, pale face, accelerated heart rate, but blood pressure is often not low or increased, such as episcleral rupture and bleeding, blood pressure is reduced. Many patients with pre-existing hypertension and severe pain after the onset of the disease increase the blood pressure even more. (c) Cardiovascular symptoms ① Aortic valve closure insufficiency. It occurs when the clotted hematoma involves the aortic annulus or affects the support of the heart valve-lobe, so a diastolic blowing murmur may suddenly appear in the aortic valve area, and the pulse pressure is widened, and acute aortic regurgitation may cause heart failure. (②Pulse changes, usually seen in the carotid, brachial or femoral arteries, with a weakened or absent pulse on one side, reflecting compression of branches of the aorta or blockage of its origin by endothelial lobes. ③Pulsation at the sternoclavicular joint or a pulsatile mass may be palpable in the suprasternal fossa. ④There may be a pericardial friction sound, and the rupture of the entrapment into the pericardial cavity may cause pericardial blockage. ⑤ Pleural effusion, caused by the rupture of the entrapment into the pleural cavity. (iv) Neurological symptoms Aortic entrapment extending to the carotid artery or intercostal artery of the aortic branch may cause cerebral or spinal cord ischemia, resulting in hemiparesis, coma, confusion, paraplegia, limb numbness, abnormal reflexes, visual and bowel disorders. (E) Compression symptoms Aortic entrapment may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, diarrhea, black stool and other symptoms when it compresses the celiac artery and mesenteric artery; compression of the cervical sympathetic ganglion may cause Horner syndrome; compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may cause hoarseness; compression of the superior vena cava may cause superior vena cava syndrome; involvement of the renal artery may cause hematuria, urinary shutdown and increased blood pressure after renal ischemia.