The following laboratory tests will be performed when the mother-to-be establishes her labor record. The mother-to-be should eat a light diet the night before the blood draw, avoid eating large fish and meat, and fast on the morning of the blood draw. 1. Blood tests: hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells, etc. The main purpose is to determine whether the mother-to-be is anemic or not. The main purpose is to determine whether the mother-to-be is anemic or not, the normal value is 100g/L-160g/L. Mild anemia has little effect on the mother-to-be and the delivery, while severe anemia can cause preterm delivery, low birth weight babies and other adverse consequences. Read the test report: ◆White blood cells play a role in destroying pathogens and defending health in the body, the normal value is 4-10×109/L, more than this range indicates that there is a possibility of infection, but it can be mildly elevated during pregnancy. ◆Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, the normal value is 100-300×1012/L, if platelets are lower than 100×1012/L, it will affect the coagulation function of the mother-to-be. 2.Urine routine examination check items: protein, sugar and ketone bodies in urine, microscopic examination of red blood cells and white blood cells. Under normal circumstances, the above indicators are negative. Read and understand the test report: ◆ If protein is positive, it suggests the possibility of pregnancy hypertension and kidney disease. ◆ If sugar or ketone body is positive, it indicates the possibility of diabetes and needs further examination. ◆ If red blood cells and white blood cells are found, it suggests the possibility of urinary tract infection, which needs to be emphasized, and if accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency of urination, it needs to be treated in time. 3.Liver and kidney function tests: glutamic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxal transaminase (GOT), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and so on. These are mainly to check whether the mother-to-be hepatitis, nephritis and other diseases, pregnancy, liver, kidney burden increased, if the above indicators over the normal range, suggesting that the liver, kidney function is not normal, pregnancy will make the original disease “worse”. Read the examination report: ◆Normal value of liver function: AST 0-55U/L; AST 0-55U/L. ◆Normal value of kidney function: urea nitrogen 9-20mg/dl; creatinine 0,5-1,1mg/dl. 4, blood type examination check items: (1) ABO blood type; (2) Rh blood type. It is very important for mothers-to-be to know their blood type in order to be prepared for blood transfusion during labor. Read the test report: ◆ If the father-to-be has blood type A, B or AB and the mother-to-be has blood type O, the baby born may have ABO hemolysis. ◆ There are fewer Rh-negative blood types among Asians, and most of them are Rh-positive. If the male and female have different Rh blood types, hemolysis may occur in the baby. ◆ If the mother-to-be is Rh-negative, the hospital should prepare Rh-negative blood before delivery, so that she can have a blood transfusion in time if there is an accident during delivery. 5, syphilis serology test examination items: (1) spirochete antibody hemagglutination test (TPHA); (2) rapid plasma reactive protein test (RPR). Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the syphilis spirochete. If the mother-to-be has syphilis, it can be passed directly to the fetus through the placenta, which may lead to congenital syphilis in the newborn. Read the test report: Normal mothers-to-be have a negative reaction to both tests. When the body is infected by the syphilis spirochete, it will produce two kinds of antibodies, manifested as RPR positive and TPHA positive. the specificity of RPR positive is not high, and it will be affected by other diseases and appear false positive, and TPHA positive can be used as a diagnostic test for syphilis. 6, AIDS serological examination test: AIDS (HIV) antibody. AIDS is the direct translation of the name of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a serious immunodeficiency disorder, the pathogen is the HIV virus. Normal expectant mothers are HIV negative. Read the test report: If infected with HIV, the result will be positive. HIV can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, which can cause HIV infection in the newborn. 7. Bacteriologic examination for gonorrhea: gonococcal culture. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Gonococcus gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted directly through unclean sexual intercourse, or through clothes, bedpans, and instruments contaminated with gonorrhea, and it can also be transmitted to the newborn through the birth canal of the affected mother. Read the test report: Generally, the cervical secretion of the mother-to-be is taken for gonorrhea culture, and the culture result of a normal pregnant woman is negative. If it is positive, it means that there is gonococcal infection, which needs to be treated in time. 8, Hepatitis B (HBV) virological examination test: Hepatitis B virus antigen and antibody. Among viral hepatitis, hepatitis B has the highest incidence, which can aggravate the early pregnancy reaction in early pregnancy and easily develop into acute severe hepatitis, which is life-threatening. Hepatitis B virus can infect the fetus through the placenta, and the probability of mother-to-child transmission is more than 90%. Read the test report: ◆Normal expectant mothers are negative for all indicators. ◆ If Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) is positive, it means that you have been infected with Hepatitis B virus in the past, but now you are cured and have immunity against Hepatitis B virus. ◆If other indicators (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb IgG, HBcAb IgM) are positive, it is necessary to pay attention, which means that the virus is contagious, and you should consult your doctor. 9.Hepatitis C (HCV) virus test check items: hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies. Hepatitis C virus is the pathogen of hepatitis C. 75% of patients do not have symptoms, and only 25% of patients have fever, vomiting and diarrhea. Hepatitis C virus can also be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. Read the test report: normal mother-to-be test results for negative, if positive, indicating that there is hepatitis C virus infection, need to cause doctors and mothers-to-be attention. 10, Down syndrome prenatal screening test: Down syndrome serological screening. Down syndrome prenatal screening is a relatively economical, simple, non-invasive testing method for fetuses in the mother-to-be to find out the high risk of carrying a fetus with congenital trisomy. It is one of the leading causes of severe congenital mental retardation. Normal couples can have a child with congenital stupidity, and the incidence increases with the age of the mother. Read the test report: Every mother-to-be is tested between 14 and 20 weeks in the middle of pregnancy. A negative report only indicates that the fetus has a low chance of developing the congenital anomaly, but it does not rule out the anomaly completely. Prenatal screening results are expressed as a risk rate, >1/275 is a positive screen, then further amniotic fluid testing is required. 11.TORCH syndrome prenatal screening test: rubella virus (RV), toxoplasmosis (TOX), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies. Any infection of the mother-to-be with any of these viruses before the 4th month of pregnancy may cause serious congenital malformations in the fetus or even miscarriage. Read the test report: It is best to take this test before you are ready to get pregnant. The test is normally negative, but if it is positive, you should be treated before getting pregnant. For home pets of the prospective mother to be more important to carry out the examination. 12.Electrocardiogram examination check items: electrocardiogram. This test is to rule out heart disease to confirm whether the mother-to-be can withstand labor. Under normal circumstances, the result is: normal electrocardiogram. If the electrocardiogram is abnormal, it is necessary to consult the doctor and have further examination. 13. Ultrasound examination: Ultrasound. Through ultrasound examination, you can see the fetal body, head, fetal heartbeat, placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord. It can detect whether the fetus is alive or not, whether it is a multiple fetus or not, and even identify whether the fetus is malformed or not (such as anencephaly, hydrocephalus, hydrocephalus, polycystic kidney and short limb malformation, syndactyly, congenital heart disease, etc.). Read the examination report: ◆ The depth of amniotic fluid between 3-7 cm is normal, more than 7 cm is increased amniotic fluid, less than 3 cm is decreased amniotic fluid, which is not good for the growth of the fetus. Fetal heart rate is 120-160%, which means the fetus is alive. Normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute, below or beyond this range, it suggests that the fetus may have lack of oxygen in the uterus. 14. Vaginal secretion examination check items: leukorrhea cleanliness, candida and trichomonas, clue cells. Leukorrhea is a mixture of vaginal mucous membrane exudate, cervical canal and endometrial gland secretion. Read the test report: ◆ Normally, the cleanliness is Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree is abnormal leukorrhea, which indicates vaginal inflammation. ◆ Candida or Trichomonas is positive for infection and needs to be treated accordingly, while the normal value is negative. ◆ Clue cells are the most sensitive and specific for bacterial vaginosis, and the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis can be made by looking for clue cells in vaginal secretions, and if it is negative, it is normal. 15, gestational diabetes screening test: 50 grams of glucose load test. This is a screening test for gestational diabetes. It is performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation by taking water containing 50 grams of glucose orally, and then drawing blood one hour later to test the plasma glucose value. Read the test report: if ≥ 7, 8mmol / L (or 140mg / dL), it means that the screening is positive, need to further 75 grams of glucose tolerance test, in order to clarify the presence of gestational diabetes.