In clinical practice, it is common for women to equate polycystic ovaries with polycystic ovary syndrome, causing unnecessary panic. In fact, these two are not the same thing at all and should not be confused. Polycystic ovaries refers to a method of describing the imaging of the ovaries under B-mode ultrasound, that is, polycystic ovarian-like changes. This is not a disease and can be seen in women of normal reproductive age. However, if there are also menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, infertility after marriage, and hyperandrogenism, one should suspect the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome. This is a complex endocrine disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. The most important clinical features are hyperandrogenism and persistent anovulation. Given that polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disease with diverse clinical manifestations, doctors usually need to do relevant laboratory tests to make a definite diagnosis, including various hormone measurements, blood glucose measurements, monitoring of ovulation, etc. Polycystic ovarian changes do not necessarily mean polycystic ovary syndrome, but a series of relevant tests are needed to diagnose it.